Mus 100 Study Guide

MUS 100 FINAL STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 17 Forte lenient early piano, named for its arena of dynamic levels it was sm entirelyer and less sonorous than the modern instrument. Classical style restrained, objective style of art. Classical refers to Western music characteristic of the period from 1750-1825. Composers Mozart Invested more of his music with a degree of emotion expression unusual for his time. Never allowed emotion to dominate his art. Haydn Wrote pleasant, good-natured music throughout his long life. Wrote masses, oratorios, and other sacred compositions for church and for design performance. Beethoven Wrote masses, oratorios, and other religious compositions for church and for concert performance. CHAPTER 18 Form organization and design of a composition, or of one exercise within a composition. Symphony multimovement orchestral form. Sonata-Allegro first movement form. The 3 sections exposition, development, and recapitulation-form a binary design. Exposition firs t section of a fugue or of a sonata-allegro. Development 2nd section of the sonata-allegro it moves through many keys. Recapitulation 3rd section of the sonata-allegro.Reviews the material of the exposition, presenting it in a new light. close Meaning, tail a closing section. Minuet and Trio ABA. Often the 3rd movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet. Consists of two minuets, the second (trio) lighter and more lyrical than the first. Cadenza extended passage for unaccompanied instrument typical feature of a solo concerto. Rondo ABACA. Form in which various episodes alternate with the opening material. The pace is usually fast, and the mood merry. String Quartet chamber ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello. Sonata ( definitive period) a multimovement composition for one or two solo instruments. CHAPTER 19 Overture introductory orchestral frame. Comic Opera (opera comique, singspiel, opera buffa) Operas light in mood, modest in performing re quirements, written in the vernacular language of the intended audience. Requiem mass for the dead. Ensemble Finale final scene of a musical show in which several soloists concurrently express, in different words and music, their individual points of view. CHAPTER 20 Motive short melodic phrase that may be effectively develop. Art song concert setting of a poem, usually by a well-known poet, to music. Lieder German art songs. Song cycle sets of songs by one composer, often using texts all by the same poet. Composers Schubert earliest master of amative art son. Composed 143 songs at 18. Godfather of the romantic period genre. CHAPTER 21-22 Cyclic form multimovement form unified by recurrence of the same or similar melodic material in two or more movements. Absolute music instrumental music having no tended association with a story, poem, idea or scene non-program music. Concert overture one movement orchestral composition, often inspired by literature and salient in expre ssion, yet prevalently subject to analysis according to classical principles of form. Program symphony symphony (composition for orchestra in several movements) related to a story, idea, or scene, in which each movement usually has a descriptive title. Idee fixe single melody used in several movements of a long work to agree a recurring idea. Thematic transformation variation of thematic or melodic material for programmatic purposes.Sometimes called metamorphosis. Dies irae Gregorian chant for the dead. Symphonic poem (tone poem) programmatic composition for orchestra in one movement, which may have a traditional form (such as sonata/rondo) or an original irregular form. Composers Brahms misplaced classicist. Poured the warmest Romantic emotional content into his classical forms. He based his music on models from the past. Berlioz his works were based on unrequited love. Used the idee fixe, which was a melodic reference to his beloved. CHAPTER 23 Character piece relatively short piano piece in a characteristic style or mood. Nocturnes Piece expressing the character of night. Prelude short independent or introductory piece for keyboard. Etude a virtuosic instrumental study or exercise intended for concert performance. Rubato romantic technique of robbing from the tempo at some points and pay back at others. Composers Chopin only great composer who wrote almost exclusively for piano. Most pieces are miniatures. Virtuoso pianist, most famous for lyrical and melancholic melodies.CHAPTER 25 -Post-romanticism general term for several romantic styles that succeeded the dominance of German Romanticism and preceded the return of classicism to the arts. Atonality avoidance of a tonic note and of tonal relationships in music. Impressionism style of painting and music that avoids explicit statement, instead emphasizing suggestion and atmosphere. Primitivism style inspired by primitive works of art and by the relaxed life of unsophisticated cultures. Piz zicato technique of plucking string instruments.Composers Mahler post-romantics. Wrestled with conflicting romantic and classical ideals. Strauss leader of post-romantic composers. Strictly classical style but developed romantic techniques. Debussy first musician labeled an impressionist. Developed unusual harmonies and exotic timbres. Schoenberg inventor of the 12-tone method (serialism) Using the 12 pitches equally. 12 tone row playing the 12 pitches in whatever order no repeated tones until the row has been fully played. Wrote in a free atonal style gt Drifted away from traditional unanimity and experimented other styles Stravinsky went through an early ballet period before the war. He went through a neo-classical period. Primitivism movement in the second decade of the twentieth century. Reveals romanticism characteristics. Characterized by strong savage rhythms, dissonant combinations of sound and narrow melodies. Rite of Spring controversial piece, ballet, and scand al piece CHAPTER 27 Experimentalism exploration of previously unknown aspects of musical sound. Polytonality two or more keys at the same time. Tone cluster chord built on seconds. Prepared piano piano whose timbre and pitches have been altered by the application of foreign materials on or between the strings. Twelve-tone technique arrangement of the twelve chromatic pitches into a tow that provides the melodic and harmonic basis for a music composition. Row series of tones on which a serial composition is based. Composers Schoenberg inventor of the 12-tone method (serialism) Weberm developed his own styles lean, clean, delicate, and strong. Ives invented polytonality (incorporating of two different keys). Cowell invented the plucking of a piano sound. Cage 1912-1992 not trained as a musician. Brought up in Los Angeles. Became a composer. Alatoric mold sounds and just guessed when it should be played. Conceptual art piece called 4 minutes a 33 seconds just the sounds in CHAPTER 28 Neoclassicism 12th century stochastic variable of classicism in music. Neoromanticism 12th century version of a romantic approach to music. Minimalism style of music based on many repetitions of simple(a) melodic lines that gradually change and slowly evolve patterns and rhythmic patterns. Composers Copland American nationalist composer Dean of American Music Gershwin Best known of all American opera, filled with the characteristic sounds of jazz, including syncopated rhythms, expressive vocal catches and slides. Prokofiev focused on neoclassical music. Barber focused on neoromanticism. Adagio for string orchestra (tonal piece) Reich focused on minimalism. Glass focused on minimalism.