The Teachings Of Adversity What Do You Think About...

The Teachings of Adversity What do you think of when you think of adversity? Do you view it as a negative aspect of your life or a learning lesson? I believe there is a lot of confusion when it comes to adversity. There are times when we want to fall to our knees because we feel so helpless to the situations taken place. In other times we feel the need to fight back and want more out of what has taken place. Everyone is different and there is no right or wrong way to handle the obstacles that this crazy life throws at us. In January of 2013, I lost the one best friend I had ever had to a terrible disease. My Nana was diagnosed with colon cancer in April of 2012. As the carrot, I believed that I would be the comfort to my family members. I stayed strong and tough and believed that I couldn’t be broken down. The days began to get longer, the cancer kept getting stronger, and I started getting weaker and softer due to the stress and worry that I wouldn’t have many more day s with the best friend I had gained since the day I took a breath of air. Months passed and as the carrot in the boiling water of adversity, I was the soft mushy carrot in the bowl. The month of January came, thee 12th day of January was the day that I knew I wasn’t going to be that hard, tough, and crunchy carrot again. I began to tell my best friend my last words to her as her softened heart began to slow down and her breaths began to become weaker and weaker with every minute. My sister and I weren’tShow MoreRelatedReflection On Adversity1465 Words   |  6 Pages Character is a reflection of how one encounters adversity â€Å"As with the butterfly, adversity is necessary to build character in people.† (Wirthin) For millions of years, humans have faced adversity and in doing so, they have understood that it is a key factor in shaping character. The life teaching novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is a perfect example of this statement. The insidious, yet inspiring novel grasps its readers and takes then on a journey of self reflection. In factRead MoreHumanities And Discuss The Role Of Role1468 Words   |  6 Pagesmessages can be conveyed about many different subjects such as war, poverty, death, and other human conditions. Humanities can convey important life messages as stated the book through music, arts, stories, songs and achievements; we can learn certain things about life and that’s what reminds us that we are human being. Humanities play a great role in my life. Through exploration of the humanities I have learned how to think creatively and critically, to reason, and learn things about myself. Because ofRead MoreCommencement Speech Sample1824 Words   |  7 Page scommitment to our, the graduating classes, success. Thank you parents, family members, teachers, administrators and fellow students this has been a wonderful journey, all made possible because of your unwavering, unfailing support. Our graduating class applauds each of you for sharing in our accomplishments, making them possible. (You might want to stop and applaud them encouraging your graduating class to do the same this will be very classy to do and set the stage for a great speech). When the JapaneseRead MoreCan Adversity Do Anything but Harm?4329 Words   |  18 PagesIs adversity a road block in your life? Your subconscious may be part of the problem. Adversity can easily hold you back from being successful in business, relationships, career and the enjoyment of life itself. Theres no doubt that everyone encounters some form of adversity in their life. Some even face this condition very early in life or at a young age. However, the failure to take action early on will only intensify the negativity. So whats the secret to virtually eliminating adversity in yourRead MoreThe, Flourish, By Martin E.p1289 Words   |  6 Pagesdrugs and therapy, teaching well-being, positive education, character and achievement, being psychologically fit, turning trauma into growth, the biology of optimism, and the politics and economics of well-being. With each chapter/topic, Seligman is able to reach an extremely diverse audience with very different needs. He uses certain chapters to focus on what an individual may add to their lives to find more happiness; he uses other chapters to emphasize what individuals can do to change aspectsRead MoreThe Evolution of Peekay in the Power of One1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution of Peekay in the Power of One Think back to when you were five years old. Were you sent to a boarding school with kids a couple years older than you? Were you persecuted and bullied for being a â€Å"redneck† or for just being who you were? Chances are, the answer to these questions should be â€Å"no†. However, a small little boy growing up in Africa during the mid-1990s can probably describe every single tortuous day that he went through in this situation. His name is Peekay, and he is theRead MoreEssay About The Family1034 Words   |  5 Pagesclear he had found someone with the same outlook on people within the Nichiren Buddhism teachings. The leader noticed this and got him to open up some more and got him excited about finding out how he can help others out more and has a network of other young teens who think the same things he does. Dress was not an utmost concern; most people were dressed in jeans and screen t-shirts, while others were dressed in what I would call your â€Å"Sunday Best†. I honestly felt a little too dressed up, becauseRead MoreMeno Says Courage, Temperance, and Wisdom are Virtues808 Words   |  3 PagesCourage to me is also standing for what is right whether I’m standing alone for the cause and being mistreated or ostracized due to the difference of opinion. For example your classmates came in contact with a copy of your class final exam and passed it out to all the class, but you take a stand and inform the instructor of the situation and the instructor tells the class. This will mean that you will be frowned upon by your classmates; this is where courage to do what is right come into play. It isRead MoreThe Science Of Resilience By Bari Walsh974 Words   |  4 Pagesadaptive response in the face of significant adversity†. (gse.harvard). Basically resilience is the capacity to quickly recover from toughness of life. As a first college student nearing the end of semester, we begin to face many tough situations such as more responsibility as student, being independent, time management and finances. How ever, there is a way for first college students to get over such beginning tough life by fostering the resilience. In order to do this, we students as well as faculty membersRead MoreThe Success Of George Eastman1498 Words   |  6 Pagesand give back to the community is ways that impact future generations. Still others believe that success can be defined by the persistence and dedication it takes to overcome great adversity and build a better life. George Eastman embodied these definitions of success and much more. Through triumph over financial adversity, an inventive spirit, and principles of purpose, George Eastman became a successful entrepreneur and guided Eastman Kodak Company to the forefront of American industry. George Washington

The Slavery Of The United States Of America Essay

In reaction to the longstanding injustices of slavery in the United States of America, revolutionaries known as abolitionists provided and shared their philosophies and courses of action in order to lead others in joining them to dispose of the enslavement of their fellow man and woman. There were, of course, diverse viewpoints and ideas in how freeing the enslaved would go about and why it was important. Leading abolitionists, including John Brown, Angelina Grimke, William Lloyd Garrison, and Frederick Douglass, had diverse opinions and ideas, but, in the end, fought for a common goal: the outlaw of slavery. John Brown was an abolitionist who attempted to raid the government arsenal at Harpers Ferry and lead an armed slave revolt which consisted of twenty one men (a majority of whom were white); it resulted in roughly sixteen deaths. John Brown was convicted of treason and put on trial in 1859. In his final defense, he said that he never intended â€Å"murder or treason, or the des truction of property, or to excite or incite the slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection.† He goes on to say that his being on trial at all wasn’t fair because if he had done something in defense or interference of someone’s friend of family, everything would have been okay and just. His actions were to assist slaves in achieving freedom from their suffering, and he stated he would gladly sacrifice himself for the cause. He goes on to say that he wasn’t even aware of the numbers on his sideShow MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of The United States Of America951 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant when economically developing a country. In the attempt to develop America, African Americans and minorities have suffered greatly in finding their identity within their history and equality among those who have discovered their individualities. Slaves were usually Africans who were forced into North and South America. Slaves were built into the constitution and then creat ing the history of the United States of America. For example, there are three main clauses in the US constitution that pertainRead MoreAbolition Slavery And The United State Of America859 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1840s slavery become a big issue in the United State of America. Since passing the Louisiana Purchase, the United State start expanding their land. They took over the Indian Territory by forcing them to leave the country or to relocate in the different city. The expansion of the United State leads to decide some state should be a free slave. In the 1820s, they passed a low that request 36’30 parallel are decided to be a free state. Abolition slavery becomes a question In the American societyRead MoreSlavery Issues Of Slavery Between North And South848 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Issues The issues of slavery between North and South was indirectly the cause of the beginning of civil war. Since the North changed their minds about the black population, they had a difficult time with the South, with they believe that Africans had to serve white people. So the problem between the North and South wasn’t something new, it was happening since the government was trying to prevent spread out of the slavery across America, as a result, South started to create, manipulate, andRead MoreThe End Of Chattel Slavery Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLooking back in history, you will find that slavery was always present. There are accounts of slavery in Babylon, Greece, and Rome, all occurring before the Common Era; but there was a major change during the year 1619 in the way slavery was implemented. This form of slavery was known as chattel slavery. Defined as â€Å"A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another† (Legal-dictionary.com), chattel slavery targeted African slaves that were broughtRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthe North grew. Slavery was vital to the economic well-being of the South, and when the North began to question the â€Å"peculiar institution† of the South the wall of civility between the two sectionalized areas began to crumble. Due to the growing issue of slavery in the 1850s, the United States of America was in a state of total disarray and turmoil. The tension that had always existed between the North and South over the matter of slavery was no longer ignorable. As the United States expanded to theRead MoreThe Expansion Of The New Nation1477 Words   |  6 Pagesof nineteenth century America, the new nation’s original ability to resolve conflict through means of peaceful compromise had vanished. Various spans of conflict such as Westward Expansion, the Market Revolution, Sectionalism, Mexican American War, the success ion of the southern states and ultimately the failure of the Compromise of 1850 that made compromise between the North and the South unattainable. It was the uncompromising differences amongst the free and slave states over the power of theRead MoreThe Impact Of The 1860 Presidential Election1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States. He was the very first Republican to serve as president, eventually leading the Union to victory during the civil war. Lincoln opposed the idea of the expansion of slavery but acknowledged that he would not interfere with slavery where it existed. Despite this, Southern fears that slavery would soon be abolished by Republicans became a reality after Abraham Lincoln was elected president on November 6th, 1860. The election influenced the secession of numerous Southern states fromRead MoreThe Cornerstone Speech And The Thomas Nast s Cartoon863 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War erupted in 1861 due to the constitutional and ideological differen ces between the Northern and the Southern states. The North advocated for equality and protection of human rights. On the other hand, the South considered the white to be more equal than the blacks. There are two historical documents that bring out the picture of the United States during the 1860s. The documents are the cornerstone speech by Alexander H. Stephens and the editorial cartoon by Thomas Nast that depictRead MoreExperiences Of Slaves During The American Civil War1528 Words   |  7 PagesExperiences of Slaves in America How did the experiences of slaves change from the 1600s to the end of the American Civil War and does it exist today? Introduction: The 1600s were full of events that helped make America what it is today. 1619 was the beginning of a revolutionary time still known as the Reconstruction period. Africans were shipped over to a country they had never been to before, and basically told how to live their lives under the enforcement of American farmers. Some thought thatRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.

My Experience At The Age Of Fourteen - 923 Words

Hello Prof. Embaye and Fellow Classmates, Equally, we all have gone through the shift from childhood to maturity, we went through various stages of physiological changes that we were confused and so what embarrassing at times. To wit, the physiological changes as girls are the hair under the arms as well as, the public area. In a corresponding manner, they also start to see the growth of their breast, in addition, their menstrual cycle, (menarche) which usually occurs around the age of twelve or early along with, acne. Emotionally, girls may exhibit strong feelings and intense emotions at different times and their moods are most likely to be unpredictable. Which can increase conflict with their parent and friends due to their nonverbal body languages such as facial expressions, eye rolling, and hands on their hips. In light of, my own personal experience, I began menstruating at the age of eleven. My mother told me I was fast and degraded me thought-out my entire puberty stages. In result of, this taunting I was embarrassed about the physiological changes that were occurring in my body. In fact, I often would wear bagging clothes so no one could see my breast or the shaping of my body. On the contrary, once I started to attend high school, I was very much in tuned to my feminine figure. I had brains and a nice body and have a pair of bow-legs, I thought of myself as a triple threat. Nonetheless, I did not have sex until my prom night with a guy I dated thought-out myShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay Dropout1189 Words   |  5 Pagespartially because the dropout age is currently sixteen years old in the majority of states. This alarming number would only grow if the legal dropout age dropped down to fourteen years old, which is what many are speculating could happen sometime over the next few years. I think that we could and should avoid this problem altogether by keeping the dropout age at sixteen years old, if not raising it to eighteen years old. My first and primary reason for believing that the dropout age should continue on asRead MoreEssay Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes1372 Words   |  6 Pageswonderfully inspired piece of work that emotionally attaches the reader through McCourt’s life experiences. Its effectiveness is primarily due to McCourt’s evolving ‘innocent-eye’ narrative technique. He allows the reader to experience his own life in a changeable form. Through this unique story telling technique, the reader is able to watch Frank grow and evolve. Between the ages of four, eleven and fourteen changes in his writing can be easily identified. It is evident that the written text, McCourt’sRead MoreErik Erickson s Pyschosocial Theory Of Development937 Words   |  4 Pagesdocumentary at age seven exhibit Erikson’s crisis of Industry versus inferiority; in which children either learn the skills of the culture or face the feeling of incompetence. For example, the child named Kent o, at age seven, is contemplating if he truly wants to follow the footsteps of his father and take over the family rice farm (learning the skills of the culture). If he did not continue the family farm, he may believe his father thinks less of him as a man (14 Up: Japan, scene 3). At age 14, manyRead MoreThe Father Of The Church792 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was eight months old, my parents, Larry and Rinalda Rocquin, adopted me, although, at the time they thought couldn’t have children, shortly before I was adopted, my mother got pregnant with my sister, Victoria, who was born almost twelve months after I was born. As of the time, my parents were missionaries in the country, so even after my adoption, I still spent a few years living in Russia with my parents and younger sister. When I was almost three years old, my mother and father were doingRead MoreMiller vs Alabama1270 Words   |  6 Pagesv. Alabama (2012) Supreme Court Case Introduction The Supreme Court reviewed the constitutionality of mandatory life sentences without parole enforced upon persons aged fourteen and younger found guilty of homicide. The court declared unconstitutional a compulsory sentence of life without parole for children. The states have been barred from routinely imposing sentences based on the crime committed. There is a requirementRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1447 Words   |  6 Pageswall in my house. The poem teaches principles such as: share everything, play fair, don’t hit people, put items back where you found them, clean up your mess. From the age of two these principles became object lessons and repeated phrases each and every day. Without realizing it, I had memorized this poem by the age of six, and not by choice. Principles impacting my life are those learned while golfing; my poem should be â€Å"All I need to know I learned in golf.† The summer between my eighth andRead MoreWhy I Learned At The Game Of Golf1175 Words   |  5 Pageskindergarten† is a poem hanging on the wall in my house. The poem teaches principles such as: share everything, play fair, don’t hit people, put items back where you found them, clean up your own mess. From the age of two these principles became object lessons and repeated phrases each of everyday. Without realizing it, I had memorized this poem by the age of six, and not by choice. Principles impacting my life are those learned while playing the game of golf, my poem should be entitled â€Å"All I reallyRead MoreRite of Passage Essay675 Words   |  3 Pagesreferred to as liminality. Not only can a rite of passage be an individual experience, but it can also be a communal experience which Turner called â€Å"communitas.† Many of us experience this â€Å"communitas† in different ways such as my Hispanic culture that experiences quinceneras. Quincenera s are a rite of passage for young girls’ transition from adolescence to womanhood. I for one never experienced this rite of passage. In my culture it is traditional for a young girl to go through the rite of passageRead MoreMy Grandmother - Original Writing Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom my grandmother named Nancy Parish whom my family nicknamed â€Å"Meme†. We met at her favorite lunch spot, Nordstrom’s cafà ©, which was a halfway point between my apartment and her log cabin home. My sixty-seven-year-old grandmother told me she was tickled pink and delighted that she was being interviewed for my final paper. For this interview, I decided to focus on her marriage to my grandfather named Wade whom we nicknamed â€Å"Papa Wade†. My grandfather passed away from lung cancer about fourteen yearsRead MoreI Am A Mother Of Three Beautiful Children1275 Words   |  6 Pages My name is Alice Rose Brown and I live in Long Island, New York with my beautiful family. A little about me, I am 32 years of age (born February 4th, 1909) and live in a beautiful estate just a few minutes from the beach. I am married to the love of my life, Arthur James Brown. I am a mother of three beautiful children. Charles Caleb Brown being the eldest of three is 10 and is enrolled in Octavian Day School. Grace Anne Brown she is the middle of the three children and is 8 years of age also enrolled

Thesis on Teenage Pregnancy - 3393 Words

TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY SAWANG CALERO CEBU CITY ____________________________________________ An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of Languages and Literature Department College of Arts and Sciences Cebu Technological University, Main Campus M.J. Cuenco Ave. corner R. Palma St. Cebu City ________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Fundamentals in Developmental Research Extension Engl 5A _____________________________________________________ by CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO March 2011 ACKNOWLEDGMENT All praise and thanksgiving to God Almighty for His spiritual guidance, eternal love, divine protection, strength and wisdom that made this work†¦show more content†¦What’s worse is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement. (http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view/20080614-142572/Teen-pregnancies-in-the-Philippines) Some teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy are 16.5 million who belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of Filipino young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. (http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=articleview=1294) Hence, as observed in the Barangay of Sawang Calero Cebu City, teenage pregnancy is one of the rapid predicaments in the locality. The study will look into the respondents who had experienced this problem and to the perception of the parents with regards to this matter. On the other hand, the result will be posed to the Barangay Officials for them to give action in such a way that this will be mitigated or even solved and to awaken the teenagers especially women from the unconsciousness of the bitter effects and of the decadence of moral values to sexual relationships which is the main reason of teenage pregnancy. Theoretical Background Teenagers are meant to enjoy their lives to the fullest for adolescence is theShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Essay example1230 Words   |  5 PagesTo persuade my audience into being in favor of distributing contraceptives (condoms, birth control pills, spermicides, etc.) in high schools. Thesis statement: In order to explain why contraceptives are becoming such a necessity in schools today, I will share how teen parenthood is being glorified, reasons for such an increase in teenage pregnancies, and how effective distributing contraceptives would be. INTRODUCTION I. Attention getter: (show slide of pregnant girls) How many ofRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Anne Maxa English Composition II American InterContinental University November 20, 2011 Annotated Bibliography ------------------------------------------------- Essay Outline I. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy can easily be prevented with better educated teens, better communication between teens and parents, and the knowledge of contraceptives II. Teens will be less likely to become pregnant with better education. A. Classes offered in schoolsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : The Mom And Child s Well Being, And The Family s Financial Stability814 Words   |  4 Pages Teen Pregnancy Title: Teen Pregnancy Thesis : Teen pregnancy can affect the moms education, the mom and child’s well being, and the family’s financial stability. I : Introduction a : How old was your mom when she got pregnant with you? b : 750,000 girls in America get pregnant each year. c : Teen pregnancy can affect the moms education, the mom and child’s well being, and the family’s financial stability. II : Education a : Only 40% of teen moms graduate High School, andRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy Sections I And II1738 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Teenage Pregnancy Sections I and II Primary Audience: My primary audience is the citizens of the U.S.; this includes tax payers, parents, state officials, education officials and teen moms. In the U.S. we have several teens that are experiencing unprotected sex, without any knowledge of pregnancy prevention or sex education. When teen girls become pregnant, this also affects the parents. This is a huge responsibility and burden for all involved parties. Health benefits are needed forRead MoreBirth Control Access to Teens1463 Words   |  6 PagesFormal Outline Topic: Birth control access to teenage girls Thesis statement: Although teenage girls are prohibited from purchasing birth control, laws should be implemented to allow access to birth control as a means of managing safer sex, preventing the health risks and guarding them from the cycle of poverty. 1. Reasons for not allowing birth control to be given to teenagers A. It encourages sexual activity (Sex with many partners -promiscuity) B. Abstinence should be promoted Read MoreThe Effects of Teen Pregnancy1953 Words   |  8 PagesTeen Pregnancy Tiffany Laubach Kaplan University CM 220-57 Professor Campos February 12, 2012 The Effects of Teen Pregnancy Are Americans effectively discussing the topic of teen pregnancy? â€Å"According to research in 2009 approximately 410,000 births occurred among teens aged 15-19 in the United States of America.† (Razol, Warner, Gavin, Callaghan, Sptiz, Anderson, Barfield, Kahn, 2011,  ¶6) Therefore, the United States of America ranks number one among all other countries and teen pregnancy is aRead MoreReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 Pageshelp in reducing and preventing of teen pregnancy. The organization is called The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. She is influential because she has served on many advisory boards which promote the values and policies towards the prevention of teen pregnancy ADDIN EN.CITE The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy201197(The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2011a)979712The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy,Sarah Brown20111776 Massachusetts AvenueTheRead MoreThe Prevention of Teen Pregnancy1638 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Pregnancy Specific Purpose: To persuade others to help prevent teen pregnancy. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young woman passes through. The stress of pregnancy, revealing of the pregnancy to parents, and moving on despite the shame and worry can be terrifying. Some may say they did not use protection because they werent planning to have sex. These kinds of life altering choices must be considered in advance in order to prevent teen pregnancy. IntroductionRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom state to state and even district to district. Although there are many different definitions, the one being applied here is that abstinence-based curriculum teaches that the only truly effective way to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, and other sex related risks is by not having sex. This includes severely limited or no information about contraceptives or ways to lessen the spread of disease. On the other hand, comprehensive sexual education includes information not found in

Analysis Of The Three Financial Models Free Essays

Introduction Bankruptcy refers to the state of an individual who is unable to pay his or her debts and against whom a bankruptcy order has been made by a court. Such orders deprive bankrupts of their property, which is then used to pay their debts. Bankruptcy proceedings are started by a petition, which may be presented to the court by (1) a creditor or creditors; (2) a person affected by a voluntary arrangement to pay debts set up by the debtor under the Insolvency Act 1986; (3) the Director of Public Prosecutions; or (4) the debtor. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of The Three Financial Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Smullen and Hand, 2003). If we assume that a corporation is a separate legal entity thus qualifying as a legal person, we can adopt the above definition to define bankruptcy in the context of the corporation or corporate bankruptcy as the state of a corporation that is unable to pay its debts and against which bankruptcy order has been made by a court. (Smullen and Hand, 2003). Analysis of the models for predicting bankruptcy. There are three main approaches to predicting bankruptcy which include: accounting analytical approach, option theoretical approach and the statistical approach. Becchetti and Sierra (2002: p. 2100).   Under the statistical approach corporate failure risk is analyzed through four widely known methods which make use of balance sheet ratios: linear or quadratic discriminate analysis, logistic regression analysis, probit regression analysis and neural network analysis. For the purposes of this paper we will limit our analysis to three basic financial models, which include the Z-Score model, the discriminant model and the Black-Scholes-Merton Probability. We also describe the application of these models in corporations. 1. The Z-Score Bankruptcy Prediction Model The Z-score prediction model was developed by Altman in 1968. (Grice and Ingram, 2001: p. 53). The Z-score model applies multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) and employs financial ratios as input variables to predict financial distress. (Tzeng et al, 2007: p. 297). According to Grice and Ingram (2001: p. 53), Altman (1968) used a sample of 33 non-bankrupt manufacturing firms from 1946-1965. Grice and Ingram (2001) assert that despite the fact that the z-score model exhibit high accuracy rates using both estimation and hold-out samples, (95% and 84%), its generalizability to industries and periods outside of those in the original sample has received little attention. This model has be widely used in a variety of industries to evaluate financial conditions of firms and it is continuously being used in many business situations including bankruptcy prediction and other financial stress conditions. Grice and Ingram (2001) carried out a test on the z-score model based three basic tests which include the model’s ability to predict bankruptcy today as opposed to periods in which it was developed, the usefulness of the model in predicting bankruptcy in non-manufacturing as well as manufacturing firms and its ability to predict bankruptcy in financial stress conditions other than bankruptcy. Their findings show that although the model is useful in predicting bankruptcy as well as other financial conditions, the models accuracy is significantly lower in recent periods than that reported in the original work by Altman (1968).Grice and Ingram (2001) also find significant differences in the model’s coefficients from those reported by Altman. Based on these findings, Grice and Ingram (2001) suggest that better accuracy can be achieved by re-estimating the model coefficients using estimation from periods close to test periods. In addition Grice and Altman (2001) find that the including non-manufacturing firms in the sample, further weakens the accuracy of the model. 1.1 Application of the Z-Score model Commercial banks use the model as part of the periodic loan review process; investment bankers use the model in security and portfolio analysis. It has been employed as a management decision tool and as an analysis tool by auditors to assess their clients’ abilities to continue as going concerns (Grice and Ingram, 2001: p. 53). 2. The Black-Scholes-Merton Model. According to Reisz and Perlich (2007) following from Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974), the common stock of a firm can be seen as a standard call option on the underlying assets of the firm. It is assumed that shareholders have sold the corporation to creditors, and hold the option of buying it back by paying face value (plus interest) of their debt obligations. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). On the other hand, using put/call parity, we can see shareholders as holding the firm’s assets (bought after borrowing money from creditors) as well as a put option with exercise price equal to the face value equal to value of debt. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). In the event where the where the firm value is below the exercise price, that is, where the price of the firm is below the face value of the debt at maturity, shareholders can freely work walk away without repaying their debt obligations. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). This is similar to selling the firm to the bondholers at the face value of the debt. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). Reisz and Perlich, (2007: p. 2) asserts that such an equity-based valuation model can lead to better bankruptcy predictions. In a study by Hillegeist et al. (2004), it was found that the probabilities of bankruptcy backed out from the a Black-Scholes-Merton structural model are up to 14 times more informative that ones inferred from accounting-based statistics such as the Altman (1968) Z-score. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). However despite the merits of this Black-Scholes-Merton model, it does not provide any rationale for observed managerial (bounded) risk choices. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 3). In addition, probabilities of default (PDs) coming from this framework are miscalibrated. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 3). 3. The Mutiple Discriminant Model Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is a statistical technique employed in the classification of an observation into one of several a priori groupings, dependent upon the observation’s individual characteristics. It is primarily useful in the classification and/or prediction in problems where the dependent variable appears in qualitative form for example, male or female, bankrupt or non-bankrupt. Therefore the first step is to establish explicit group classifications. The number of original groupings may be two or more. The MDA model is advantageous in that it considers the entire profile of characteristics common to the relevant firms, as well as the interaction of these properties. Conversely, a univariate study can only consider the measurement used for grouping assignments one at a time. Another important advantage of the MDA model is the reduction of the analyst’s space dimensionality.   When analysing a comprehensive list of financial ratios in assessing a firm’s bankruptcy potential, there is reason to believe that some of the measurements will have a high degree of collinearity or correlation with each other. (Altman, 1968). 3.1 Application of Multiple Discriminant Model Following its first application in the 1930s, the MDA model has been used in many studies and disciplines. In its earlier days it was used only in Biology and behavioural sciences. Today, the model has been applied successfully in financial problems such as credit evaluation and investment classification. For example, Walter made use of the model to classify high and low price earnings ratio firms, and Smith applied the model in the classification of firms into standard investment categories. BIBLIOGRAPHY A market-based framework for bankruptcy prediction. Alexander S. Reisz and Claudia Perlich. Journal of Financial Stability, 2007, Pages 1-47.  A real-valued genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of support vector machine for predicting bankruptcy. Chih-Hung Wu Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng Yeong-Jia Goo   Wen-Chang Fang. Expert Systems with Applications Volume 32, 2007 Pages 397–408  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bankruptcy†Ã‚  Ã‚  A Dictionary of Finance and Banking. John Smullen and Nicholas Hand. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.   Ã‚  http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Mainentry=t20.e278 Bankruptcy risk and productive efficiency in manufacturing firms. Leonardo Becchetti and Jaime Sierra Journal of Banking Finance,  Volume 27, Issue 11,  November 2003,  Pages 2099-2120 Tests of the generalizability of Altman’s bankruptcy prediction model. John Stephen Grice and Robert W. Ingram. Journal of Business Research Volume 54, 2001 Pages 53-61. Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. Edward I Altman. Journal of Finance, Volume 27, Issue 4, September 1968, Pages 589-689. How to cite Analysis Of The Three Financial Models, Essay examples

Christian Ethics & Pastoral Theology

Question: Discuss about the Report for Christian Ethics Pastoral Theology. Answer: Introduction Christian ethics is an integral aspect of theology. It enables how the people should lead virtuous behavior. Systematic theology is the study of Christian ethics that has been derived from morality. Christian virtues are based on seven important virtues. Christian ethics deals with how women should be treated, acts morality in war and how the rich should act towards the poor. Ethics play an important role in how people should live and what virtues they should strive to get. People have been found to have an issue as to how they should strive to achieve a balance between material life and live a life based on biblical balance[1]. The people in general want to lead a life that is based on the word of God and also ensure that they live their life based on their own terms. There are many important virtues and ethical guidelines that have been prescribed in Christianity. The ethical issue that will be probed in this analysis is materialism. The purpose of this analysis is to look in to the different theories related to ethics and apply it to the aspect of materialism or wealth. Analysis of the theories Morality can be defined as the factor where the end should justify the means taken to achieve a certain fact. Morality and values directs and preludes the people to act in ways that would morally right. It enables them to act to the best of their conscience. There are many theories that has been related to utilitarianism and deontology. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism revolves around the paradigm that the end should justify the means. It is developed by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. It fundamentally states that the outcome is derived from a course of action should have greater value derived from the latter. It states and asks the people to take advantage of their happiness for the overall good of the people and the society in general. In this notion the concept of utilitarianism depends on the concept of consequentiality.[2] Some of the mandates related to utilitarianism do not have an impact in the current health care. For example, the concept of euthanasia will be deemed based on the notion of utilitarianism. The issue with this theory is that it depends more on the philosopher rather than other factors. Many philosophers do not agree with the mandates of this theory. It is for this reason that the concepts of deontology have been practiced in many situations and advocated by many people. Practical applications of Deontology Deontology is another moral theory that is derived from the scriptures. It refers to the rules, law and intuition of the people. The concepts of deontology depend on the principles derived from Immanuel Kant. In the concept of deontology, it mandates that the actions and the outcome should be ethical. The actions are given more weight than the outcome. The course of action has been analyzed in the concept of deontology[3]. In this the philosopher tries to probe into the situation from both the angles and derived the outcome without affecting the final ethical outcome of the situation. There are three important factors that have been associated with the ethics. It is the duty of an individual. In this the individuals are expected to undertake and perform a certain task based on the inherent duty. The rightness or the wrongness of the act is the matter of innate moral values held by the individual.[4] The act of killing or lying is considered to be morally wrong in these situations the individuals really do not have duty to act on these things. The final outcome is not the only factor that has been considered in the deontological approach it is the means taken to achieve the final goal. While the people who are practicing the goal would want to function and reach positive consequences it is not the case at all times. The second factors that has been considered in this approach is that the human all have an innate moral values and sense this should be accepted. This is a difficult notion to justify. If people adopts an approach where they do not follow the theologica l doctrine it becomes difficult to justify the means. The third fact is the imperative of the people that these are universalizable[5]. It is applicable for all the people who are involved in the moral situation. Moral statements in this approach are considered to be the command that holds the people for the type of act in consideration. The issue with deontology or any ethics is the ways in which it needs to be practiced in the real world where there ae no real mandates for the people to adopt an approach. The practical needs of the people have been changing from the times these approaches have been prescribed to the people[6]. Owing to this there has been many approaches by the philosophers to combine the practical dictum with the theories of ethics.[7] There have been many modern approaches taken to these fundamental values that has been propagated in deontology. Frances Kamm's "Principle of Permissible Harm" is one such effort that the people take in order to derive a constraint that makes the people to follow the the deontological principles that has been focused on Kant categorical imperative.[8] According to this principle it has been stated that the people may harm other in order save more. Kamm feeling that most people consider the case judgement that involved the deontological intuitions. There have also been efforts taken to combine the principles of deontology with the virtue ethics and utilitarianism. There has been efforts taken to fuse many principles in order to ensure that the people live according to the ethical guidelines. One of the issues that has pervaded man is materialism. They prove to be an issue or hurdle to people. People are driven by the material need in the modern times. People need to ensure that there is a way to live ethically and also meet their needs to materialism. In this modern world the people are driven by the motive to achieve material pleasure and wealth. In this analysis the issues of materialism and its impact have been probed in detail. Application of the theories on materialism People in the world live for shirt spans of time. In this process the people tend to forget that spiritual citizenship is not based on the material acquisition. The people tend to fall prey to the cravings of sinful man, the lust of his eyes, and the boasting of what he has and does" (v. 16, NIV). They tend to shift focus from the priorities of God to live some selfish personal lives. There has been a common sense voice that tells the people not to sacrifice the eternal life for the short temporary human life. This struggle emphasizes the people to indulge in sinful deeds and the desire to obtain possessions take over the ultimate truth.[9] An important way to achieve this mandate is through the application of contentment with the material possessions. Some possessions such as media, mutual funds and money are not destructive. They are only tools used by the people to live a materially comfortable life. But the people tend to go through a lot of destrictuve habits to gain materials. This has led to people to even assume that "think that godliness is a means to financial gain" (v. 5 NIV). Paul states godliness with contentment is great gain" (v. 6).[10] This concept of contentment is not the issue of ignoring the virtues and the reality of the practical life. Some of the materials are used to increase the necessities of life. But the methods adopted by people to achieve this paradigm has been questioned. Accumulation of material possession is not a sin. Abraham and Job in the old testament were good examples of this notion.[11] Some of the Christians are very skilled in making money and putting together positive legitimate business deals. The issue is the attitude of the people. It is the approach taken by the people to achieve wealth. The notion of amassing wealth becomes more important ant that it impacts their actions. They succumb to following unlawful practices that they justify for the pursuit of money or possessions[12]. People who are trapped by the needs of money can never really attain their spiritual goal. Historically there were a number of wealthy people who went to Ephesian church. To those people Paul offers main principle to follow. The first principles is to have a proper attitude. It is to avoid being arrogant to the people who do not have a lot of material wealth. The people assume that only material possession is a means to having security[13]. This is not the case as wealth can be easily destroyed. Another important principle is that the wealthy people should be generous and help the people who are suffering from want of material need. People acquire spiritual benefit. John 3:17 says, "If anyone has material possessions and sees his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in him?" (NIV).[14] In this notion the people should be fundamentally generous in reaching their goals. The spiritual benefit that the people can gain from this process and the impact it has on the society is truly spectacular. It is for this reason that Paul states it as a mandate or a rule in the ways to live[15]. Deontology can be applied to this concept of being generous. In the concept that has been propagated by deontology, it has been said that the action of the individuals and the final benefit should be considered.[16] This process of being generous and not hoarding wealth enables the society to live with basic material needs and also ensures that the spiritual needs of the people are also achieved. The ethical values do not state that people should not acquire wealth. Rather it states that they should acquire wealth by legitimate means and help those people around. This would enable in the growth of the society as well as help people reach their ultimate spiritual destination. Conclusion. To conclude, utilitarianism only focuses on the ultimate end result. It does not factor in the actions that the people undertake to reach a particular goal. On the other hand, deontology asks the people to adopts an approach where the actions taken to achieve the end result is also factored. This is the most important rule according to many philosophers. There have been many theories that discusses about the ways in which the people can reach a balance between spirituality and practical life. One of the most important aspect of the practical life is materialism. People need to have certain material comfort to live in this world. This pursuit of money making is not considered as a sin. But the people should adopt legal means to gain wealth. This wealth gaining process should not hurt others or cheat them. From applying deontological principles, the people should have an approach of following ethics and help others in need. This would enable the people to live a material life that is a dequate and also enable them to live a life of spiritual attainment. Reference: Atkinson, David J., David F. Field, Arthur F. Holmes, and Oliver O'Donovan, eds.New dictionary of Christian ethics pastoral theology. InterVarsity Press, 2013. Brunner, Emil, and Olive Wyon.The divine imperative: a study in Christian ethics. James Clarke Co., 2002. Childress, James F., and John Macquarrie. "The Westminster dictionary of Christian ethics." (1986). Geisler, Norman L.Christian Ethics: Contemporary issues and options. Baker Academic, 2010. Graham, Gordon.Evil and Christian ethics. Vol. 20. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Grenz, Stanley J.The moral quest: Foundations of Christian ethics. InterVarsity Press, 2000. Hollenbach, David.The global face of public faith: Politics, human rights, and Christian ethics. Georgetown University Press, 2003. Kim, David, Dan Fisher, and David McCalman. "Modernism, christianity, and business ethics: A worldview perspective."Journal of Business Ethics90, no. 1 (2009): 115-121. McDonald, James Ian Hamilton.Biblical interpretation and Christian ethics. No. 2. Cambridge University Press, 1993. Niebuhr, Reinhold.An interpretation of Christian ethics. Westminster John Knox Press, 2012. Northcott, Michael S.The environment and Christian ethics. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pope, Stephen J.Human evolution and Christian ethics. Vol. 28. Cambridge University Press, 2007. Ramsey, P., 1950.Basic christian ethics. Westminster John Knox Press. Rudman, Stanley.Concepts of person and Christian ethics. Vol. 11. Cambridge University Press, 2008. Swimberghe, Krist RG.When Corporate Policies and Consumer Values Collide: Examining the Relationship Between Religion and Controversial Business Decisions. ProQuest, 2009. Wogaman, J. Philip.Christian ethics: A historical introduction. Westminster John Knox Press, 2010.