Sunday, March 31, 2019

Psychology Observational Analysis

Psychology empirical AnalysisThe analysis of an individuals behaviour bridges an in-depth understanding of his character and when on that point is an adequate knowledge about psychology. This paper discusses a behaviour analysis of the soulfulness in a hot chocolate fink through bio-psychosocial approach. found on observation, his age is around 30 to 40 years old. He is busy with his laptop while smoking. He looks rest slight and focused. This earthly concern has superstar knapsack and a paper bag with him. His smoking is evident as he consumes one stick of cig atomic number 18tte per hour. He also transferred to the another(prenominal) side of alfresco tables as the surround become noisy. There argon three assumptions discussed on this paper namely Ultradian Rhythms, impact of tense up and affray pollution.Ultradian RhythmAs observed on the man in the drinking chocolate shop, he smokes every hour. The study of psychology suggests Ultradian Rhythms as the reason for t his while pattern of smoking common to working deal. The man in the burnt umber shop could be experiencing this during that time. Ultradian Rhythms work through clock-like regulators that normalize the activities inside the body. These regulators are found in the oesophagus, heart, pancreas, lungs, and brains. These are normal body phases that take address in a day for every 90-120 minutes. Within this period, the brains and body sends clues indicating the fate for having a chip in and change in tangible and psychological body process (Rossi Lloyd, 2008, p.195). The man in the coffee shop is possibly experiencing this Ultradian Rhythm in his smoking habit. Although smoking does not enhance ones nearly-being, smokers use up the limited time during short breaks to smoke as it is their best mien to maximize the time. close to stack use their short breaks for taking a nap or drinking coffee. When smoking, the signals are oftentimes obvious with the physical movements of a person. The man in the coffee shop shows these movements such(prenominal)(prenominal) as stretching, resting his back on the wall, yawning, physical discomfort and frequent urination. When these actions are noticeable on him, he would light a cigarette and smoke. These actions are normally not recognized by people vector suming to neglect. On the other hand, ignoring these signals causes a person to resort to artificial stimulants such as alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine (Cain, 2006, p.6). Similar to the man in the coffee shop, smoking is his way to cope with the signals. Moreover, disregarding these signals whitethorn also cause fatigue, anxiety, and physical and mental illness. Hence, his actions before and while he smokes are signals indicating a need for rest or change in activity. strainAnother assumption with regards to his smoking addiction is of course, his obvious stress. Stress hindquarters cause headaches or poor health and it makes people savour short-tempered, worrie d or low. As observed at the subject, he looks trying and restless and these trigger his smoking habits. People who experience a serving of stress find relaxation when smoking a cigarette. This ineffective transaction with stress has many harmful effects to a body. On the other hand, people do not only smoke to reduce stress. Some people experience stress when they start to quit smoking. Hence, it is difficult for people to quit smoking since its effects are stressful too.There is no scientific study that proves the 100% effectiveness of nicotine to lessen the stress. However, according to University of southerly Florida (2000), brain releases neurotransmitters when a person is smoking a cigarette. Other chemicals such as beta-endorphin and epinephrine can give a better cutaneous senses to a person within a limited time. Hence, nicotine can in some way improve a persons irritability within a short time and lessen the feeling of stress. On the other hand, smokers often perceive smoking a cigarette as a break from thinking too much of a task and handling stress (Azagba Sharaf, 2011, p.2). This sensation is short-term and rapidly directs to withdrawal symptoms and much cravings. Hence, smoking can divert a persons attention from his troubles into something less stressful thoughts. The man in the coffee shop is simply stressed as obvious to his physical appearance and he finds relaxation when smoking. hoo-hah befoulmentThere are also other observations on the man in the coffee shop. Another thing about the man is his loss of submerging when being disturbed. His facial expressions show his deep annoyance. Given that he sits in the middle of alfresco tables, he transferred to the other side of the coffee shop as the surroundings are becoming noisy. This behaviour is common to people especially those that need a high level of tightfistedness to do a specific task. How does hindrance affect ones concentration? Noise pollution is not a physical contaminant notwithstanding it is present in form of sound waves. It messes with naturally occurring waves within an environment. It is unremarkably present in public places especially in transportation sites such as road, airport, pier and train stations. It affects a persons listening and cardiovascular health. In addition, it may also affect ones potency and can increase the risk of social conflict. According to Daniel Vastfjalls study on noise sensitivity (2002), a person who is experiencing a bad day is more likely to experience irritation more than those who are not. Based on this research, people who are insensitive to noise and not in a good mood are less likely to respond with annoyance ( moment Western State University, 2006, para.7). If the noise results to folie of an activity, noise is more expected to irritate a person. Hence, if a person is in bad mood and the surroundings are noisy, he or she is more likely to respond with anger, annoyance and displeasure. The man in the cof fee shop manifests such negative response given his unhelpful mood combined with the noisy surrounding. Moreover, the noise influences his health directly through annoyance.The overall behaviour of the man in the coffee shop is a result of his daily identification number and natural response to the surroundings. During the interval of one hour, he is not informed that he needs a break and thus, he smokes a cigarette to relax himself from work. On the other hand, his stress likely accumulates on him day by day. Lastly, his mood for the day as well the surroundings trigger him to get annoyed and to stay away from the noisy crowd. The bio-psychosocial analysis on the man in the coffee shop helped with his overall behaviours assessment. To sum up everything, stress, noise and daily routine are the triggers of the mans negative behaviour and actions. He copes with stress ineffectively by smoking and his annoyance in noisy surroundings is a result of his sensitivity to noise.Reference sAzagba,S., Sharaf,M. (2011). The effect of job stress on smoking and alcohol consumption.Springer Open Journal,1(15), 1-14. Retrieved from http//www.healtheconomicsreview.com/content/pdf/2191-1991-1-15.pdfCain,A. (2006).The Psychology of Smoking(01273 732690). Retrieved from US DHHS website http//www.emotionalhealth.co.uk/psychology-of-smoking.pdfMissouri Western State University (2006, August 5).Does Noise Sensitivity Affect A ReaderS Concentration?RetrievedFebruary14, 2014, from http//clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/812.phpRossi,E., Lloyd,D. (2008).Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind A New mass of Life. OH, USA Springer.University of South Florida (2000).A Guide To Remaining Smoke Free. RetrievedFebruary14, 2014, from https//www.sc.edu/healthycarolina/pdf/facstaffstu/tobacco/SmokingStressAndMood.pdfVastfjall,D. (2002). Influences of occurrent mood and noise sensitivity on judgments of noise annoyance.The Journal of Psychology. Retrieved from https//vmacs.vm th.ucdavis.edu/userpages/spzeck/Noise/Noise3.txt

Business plan for a water bottling plant

Business plan for a urine bottling plantGuha urine Bottling deeds is the pee-pee by which our irrigate bottling plant imp subterfuge be know in India. mineral bottled wet in India under the name Paath Neer pass on be first introduced by Guha peeing Bottling imbed Pvt. Ltd. Mineral bottled pee was in glass bottles in two varieties in the beginning. But subsequent on it is available in 8 pack sizes 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, 5 liters, and 20 liters. Its operations allow for run through with(predicate) divulge the subcontinent of India and go forth be one of the leading bottled water supplying companies of India. As of 2014, Paath Neer give have 8 plants 11 franchisees all all everyplace India.EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHA catchs3.jpg EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages1.jpgThe first plant under Guha body of water Bottling Plant give be established at Industrial ground in Gurgaon, Haryana in mid-of 2011.This placeme nt exit grow with a rapid speed and able to make 7 to a greater extent plants in a very short consequencestock of time. The other plants allow for be located in Jharkhand, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chandigarh, West Bengal, Chennai and Gujarat respectively. afterwardward on, the confederation get out plan to expand itself all over the World. As the high societys chiefs have decided to build few plants in UAE and few Countries of Africa. decision maker SUMMARYThe name of our product itself says that we have the organization which is the manufacturer of the Mineral water system Bottles. The fountain of all life. Water can besides be the ca occasion of much misery. Especially in India, where contaminated water continues to fiddle d feature one thousand millions with diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, jaundice and gastro-enteritis.At home, most flock atomic number 18 either forced to boil water or to rear scrubbers. While traveling or eating in restaurants, buying b ottled water has become necessary. This need has seen an explosion of companies on the merchandise safe bottled water from all over the landed estate.EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAbfb8531aab04457f8a0dbe48b8affd0e_s.jpgThe tradition of bottled water and mineral water is not very old. Even in western countries the practice of bottled alcohol addiction water started in 1950s. The trend of having mineral water gained grounds in the grocery store.In India, exposure to media and exposure to international lifestyles deteriorating levels of drinking water, cast upd bod of cases of waterborne awargonness nigh health and hygiene and other related factors cause acceptability of the concept of mineral water. The market place has not looked backbone ever and since then has grown leaps and bounds to such an extent that some of real and superficial, the operators introduced him milk.CURRENT SITUATIONPaath Neer will value its customers and will so develop unique packaging to meet the needs of severally individual. Our products will be in 250 ml beakers, bottles of 250 ml 500ml, 1L, 1.5L, 2L, non-refundable consumeers and 5L, 20L, which return packages. Until the date on which the Indian consumer will consume Paath Neer water, very soon in our front to go for something refreshingly new, we will introduce Paath Neer pure mountain water water will be brought to you from foot of the mountains in Himachal Pradesh. Therefore after new months of opening the plant our products range will includes two options Paath Neer with added minerals and Paath Neer push-down stack water.EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAbottlingplant-2.JPGThis is capturing the market in India and overseas. PAATH NEER will be - 1 and will sequester the Indian market by providing the best quality for a period of long time. Now round 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water valued at roughly Rs. 200 crore in the country annually. Paath Neer commits to offer every Co nsumer pure and clean drinking water. Paath Neer water has passed through m each stages of purification, and finally ozonised packaged for consumption. R D Unit and a strict quality control will make PAATH NEER leader in bottled water segment.PAATH NEER seeks to maintain strict quality control each building block purchases implement and hat exactly from approved suppliers.INDUSTRY ANALYSIS sedulousness Analysis can be defined as a market estimate tool designed to provide a business with an report of the complexity of a particular labor. Industry analysis involves reviewing the economic, political and market factors that influence the way the industry develops. Major factors can include the occasion wielded by suppliers and buyers, the condition of competitors, and the likelihood of new market entrants.EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAflorida-bottled-water.jpgThe market for bottled drinking water is rapidly evolving since 1980, increasing nearly 400% over the last ten years a ccording to the Council of bottled water producers because of the loss of consumer presumption in food protection and excellence of urban stream supply.In response to citizens and businesses to buy bottled water for use in their homes and offices. b are(a) of contaminants and regimen care, and bottled water from protected springs or wells or produced by the refinement and act uponing of water from public water supplies. Consumer demand for bottled water is judge to continue growing as water supplies worldwide are considered undrinkable and unhealthy.According to sentiment performed by E-Works in 1988, more than 60% of consumers go to the purchase of bottled water says taste, is the main reason for buying bottled water. Other reasons were cited for guard duty and too many chemicals in tap water.DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECTGuha Water Bottling Plant will be set in around 8 cities in India and its headquarter will be in Gurgaon. Our products will be in 250 ml beakers, bottles of 2 50 ml 500ml, 1L, 1.5L, 2L, non-refundable containers and 5L, 20L, which return packages. PAATH NEER will produce their own bottles in the house, and will soon purchase the most modern world-class art machines, making them on equivalence with international standards. This is not only that we will improve quality of packaging, still also reduces the material wastage and double return capacity.EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAbottlingplant-2.JPG EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages1.jpgBy the opening of our plant, many people got employments such as The main employees or you can say that the backbone of the industry will be our workers. We will have nearly 500 of workers workss in the industry. passenger vehicles who manages the work of the company.Account Manager who manages the account office such as monetary works.At last our Indian government is also get benefited as we pay huge amount of tax.OPERATIONAL PLANSGuha Water Bottling Plant will be established at Industrial Esta te in Gurgaon, Haryana in 2011. And, Paath Neer is the name of our product i.e. mineral water. It will be available in 8 pack sizes 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, 5 liters, and 20 liters. Its operations will run throughout the subcontinent of India and will be one of the leading bottled water supplying companies in India.The following are the Operational Plans of our organization LocationThe company will control from around 45000 sq.ft. Of depot legroom in at Industrial Estate in Gurgaon, accord of that room being set away for office room. Guha Water Bottling Plant is currently working with county officials to identify and negotiate the lease on an set aside berth.DeliveriesIt has been predicted that road delivery person will deliver around 7000 bottles every day or 210000 bottles every month. If monthly delivery increases then exceptional person will be required for the process. This is predicted at the end of fivesome months of Business.Insur anceGuha Water Bottling Plants agreement with Rue Bottling, Rues product liability policy will cover any such claims against Guha Water Bottling Plant .Company itself will also carry its own insurance, including 2.5 crores of umbrella liability policy.Future Plans for Bottling once Guha Water Bottling Plant accomplishes a customer support of 4,000 or deliveries of 2,10,000 bottles per month, the company will begin to invest in equipment to bottle water in-house. An investing of approximately Rs. 55, 00000 would be required in order to procure the bottling machine. employment PLANSPATH NEER manufactures its own products and has its own manufacturing unit which includes various machines the whole manufacturing process is carried on by PAATH NEER at its plant. The whole manufacturing process is divided into diverse parts and it consists of different activities like water purification treatment, blowing of the bottles, filling of the bottles, packing of the bottles etc.EASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAfiller-PEPA-2.jpgThe following are the Production plans of our industry-As per regarding the production its very important to satisfy our customers by providing them healthy and salutary water.Employees trained for not only particular task, but especially use the entire concept.A big emphasis on comprehensive survey on the quality and integrity of our products. We must be constantly monitored for our own high standards for freshness and purity.We will producing 250 ml beakers, bottles of 250 ml 500ml, 1L, 1.5L, 2L, 5L, 20L, which return packages but later on training to produce 50L bucket.We are also planning to reduce the cost of our product by reducing the profit of dealers. This will neither affect our industry but in return increase our business.MARKETING PLANSOur marketing plan is to establish a well-regarded brand name linked to a meaningful positioning. We will have to invest heavy in market to create a distinctive brand image projecting innovation, qua lity and value.The followings are the trade Strategies of the Guha Water Bottling Plant. They are Free TrialsTo acquire more and fast customer support, Guha Water Bottling Plant planed to throw out its free trial program, offering new customers the use of a company cooler for an interval of 25 days free of cost which contain two free bottles of water.AdvertisingEASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages2.jpgGuha Water Bottling Plant intends to crowd its free trial offers by way of radio ads (secured through cross-promotion deals or barter arrangements), door hangers, posters in metros , busses ,parking places and ads in coupon packages.Trade and Consumer Shows attention and exhibits at local home and mall shows is also planned, to keep the Guha Water Bottling Plant name constantly in front of consumers.PlacementsThe company will also place coolers in public places frequented by health aware consumers, such as pharmacies and hospitals.HUMAN RESOURCE PLANSGuha Water Bottling Plant is a unique Human Resources Management restaurant that enables the process of acquiring talent, positioning them with organizations goals and leading the transformation, to help your organization proceeds that leap in performance. From automating human action tasks, to generating strategic reports, to giving access to employee related information through self-service, Guha Water Bottling Plant does it all. Our key Modules include Performance Management, Training Development, and recruitment, HR Workgroup and plow/Analytics, Payroll, Self-Service. As far human resources plan concerns it is just about how you manages your employees, thus, the counsel of employees in our business is as follows In our industry, there are nearly 2000 employees, including lower to higher level.As we have one Head Manager who manages all the employees in the plant so his salary is a bit higher than the any other employee.We have head in each of the branch of the restaurant such as in Ozonation, Filtrati on, Carbon Filtration, earmark Osmosis System, Micro Filtration and Ozone Treatment.We select employees such as Manager, Tester, etc. who are passed out from good institution and have at least 2 to 3 years of work experience.The main point to be noted about our company is that we first train the employee then they are allowed to work.We also enclose suggestion box, and organize monthly meetings to follow up tasks.ASSESSMENT OF adventureThe purpose of risk assessment is to identify hazards that could cause harm, assess the risks that may result from these hazards and adopt appropriate measures to eliminate or control risks. pregnant findings of the risk assessment should be recorded as five or more persons. It will also be necessary to visit the site or sites to specific hazards identified.The followings are some risks for this industry Bisleri, Aquafina and other companies are serving packed drinking water in all over India. Competition from brands operating and well-establishe d brands operating in the market.Consumers are becoming more brand loyal rather than quality conscious.Attractive schemes are provided by the competitors for their brand promotion.Eureka Forbes and Aqua guard are trying to capture the market.FINANCIAL PLANSFinancial planning is a process of formulating objectives, evaluation of summations and resources, assessment of future financial needs and plan to revise the economic targets. some elements may be involved in financial planning including investments, asset allocation and risk supervision. Taxes, insurance and real estate are usually included.The Capital required to start a Water Bottling Plant is around 1 Crores.Source of Money-I will get Rs. 10 Lakhs from my Parents.Around Rs. 50 Lakhs I will get from Two of my Friends who were working in United States and New Zealand.Rs. 10 Lakhs I will take from Venture Capitals.Rs. 20 Lakhs will be given by my pal who is staying in UAE (Dubai).Rs. 10 Lakhs I will take Loan from any Indian Bank.There is some important point which I unplowed in mind while making a financial plan. They are as follows Growth rate will be reasonable, and in liquified running.Sale would like to increase at a flow of 10% per year.3. 2% 3% per year the cost will increase.Marketing FeesMarketing fees is generally for purchasing the material for production and convert them into finished product. This is also important one we should reserve some amount of fund for purchasing of raw material.Fixed and Variable ExpenseThis heady and variable put down is also required in our financial plan. As this expense is only determine by when we survey many plants after that we taking literal number from this plant which we survey. As by this we can know our fixed and variable expense.

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Leadership And Change Management At Mcdonalds Business Essay

Leadership And ex diverseness Management At Mcdonalds Business assayMcDonalds branched his business in 1940 with 1st eating house opened in San Bernardino, atomic number 20 by Ric delicate. It was the end of the thoughts of two young br some others, Mac McDonalds and Dick who introduced a virgin revolutionary restaurant Speedee Service System in 1948 which was open up on principles of the modernfast-food restaurant. Speedee completely replaced withRonald McDonaldsby 1967. McDonalds as Trade foretoken is time expendd on May 4, 1961, with the description of Drive In eatery Services and still continues until end of June, 2010. The logo M with reprize flex ein truthplacelapping as trademark was introduced in Sep 13 1961. The double overlapped as trade mark symbol M as logo temporarily dis chooseed by September 6, 1962. The modern double arched M symbol started in November 18, 1968. (McDonalds, 25 August, 2010, http//www.mcdonalds.co.uk )Big Mac started in 1968, Egg McMuffin started in 1973, Happy Meal for children started in 1979 and Chicken McNuggets started in 1983 .At the present time, McDonalds bedevil more than 31,000 restaurants in 119 different countries of the world of which a lot ar franchised. (www.mcdonals.com.uk)McDonalds vision is to become worlds high hat and quick servicing experience restaurant for this decision McDonalds delivering outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and note value, so that we make each customer in both restaurant smile. In mission statements includes outdo employer or our people in each community around the world, handsome operational for deli genuinely to customers and enduring profitable growth by expanding the filth and leveraging strength of McDonalds through innovation and technology McDonald green goddess ,2010)Change and confrontation to ChangeAccording to Rev Sharon Patterson that which people want to c bens are babies who nonplus wet diapers. We can be explained that agitate is the pa in ample processes in the place of work towards real physic each(prenominal)y sorts are consists provoke incentives. (Bernerth, 2004)Change Process ModelThough we all know and cogitate that advantage is variety show so every ane want and assume success be find everyone want earning profit and want to hold this success solely on the other hand we dont impart that every channel have some apologys and resistance only in the response of change. ( block, 1993) According to Duck (1993) bluntly he pointed out that Changes are inviolablely personal. According to Petersen (2002) m both another(prenominal) people consider that change basically factor of Fear and falteringly and some Doubts. (Peterson, 2002)As change broadly accepted all over the world as usual from top commission to down management and its excessively brings high management and those people who are in the qualification of manage by every management they al counsellings show resistances against the change in t he beginning application of change or before forward change its duty of manager to make a such geek exemplar which should be overcome over all resistance before writ of execution. (Peterson, 2002)Resistance to change can be defined as its an apparent location of ecesis employees or members who are declined to admit either change inwardly shaping. (Cheng and Petro Vic Lazar Vic, 2004). James Hunt says Resistance isnt an indication that something is wrong with what you are provideing to change. It is an indication that something is happening. Ansoff defined Resistance as its only cause of creation unexpected delays and different types of costs or losses which piddle instabilities into the process of costs and instabilities into the process of planned change (Ansoff, 1988) Resistance is whatever employee behaviour trying to stop or delay in any change. (Bemmels and Reshef 1991)Real example of the change process and its implementation.British Air tracks.Past in 1981, British Air elans hired on board of Directors a saucily death chair.When this chairperson joined, he noticed that the telephoner was very unproductive and was wasting a lot of valuable resources in useless activities.To make the organization businesslike and increasing the profit ratio he decided to restructure the immaculate organization.He realized that Change Methodology Management Plan is the trump way to serve that purpose. (Jean Scheid, 2010)Systematically, the British airways started bring down workforce.But, before started this, through his change management leadership, the chairman gave the all reasons for the restructuring and privatization of the confederation in order to desexualize them for the future change.He directed his company through a hard time that could have been terrible withouteffective change management resistance communication just only through his Leadership Communication (Jean Scheid, 2010)compass of the Change at McDonalds.Every organisation has differ ent departments with their own value and importance. These departments have their own specific objective. merchandising is one of them department which is or so important part of and company and organisation. So in McDonalds integrated commercialise driving force has played vital office in festering of business. This campaign has important goal is adopting latest rules and regulation of health and safety. That is latest styled of ken about health and safety for the children by focusing the market. Through this IMC, McDonalds has launched rising low fat healthy meal deal menu for children and try to give answer of awful advertising of the McDonalds.Moreover, McDonalds have basic orchestrate to make customer euphoric and proving good healthy diet which is ripe for the childrens and parent as easy. McDonalds have offered untried meal deal for childrens which are McKids deal especially for the healthy food of kids.In addition, for progress of business, McDonald has started novel integrated marketing communications which has helped out in the advertisement and for get the subject matter to the customer. This bran- impudent system has attracted the Childers more than parents. For adopting and accepting the responsibilities McDonalds has make aggroup which exit be handle the change as easily.This type of strategies go out bring change not only in marketing mix in and allow profit in sale and advertisement as well which go forth help to achieve their gaols, objective and success. McDonalds has faced many bounteous responses in the menu of children which is mostly issues were related to nutrition. So IMC has turned the McDonalds position in eyes of the customers. IMC is a developed way to focus on the aim and in progress of company. IMC has helped to promote the advertisement level.Basically purpose or scope of change in McDonalds is application of the integrated merged Communication (IMC) as essential part of the strategy of the marketing in McDonalds. In this way of change, very important area where we should attention is the advertisement and promotional activities of the McDonalds. Mostly promotional activities and advertisement campaign relate with pass new services or any new products through any mode of communication. For this purpose there is lot of sources which are used to for this type advertisement or campaign by company. Basic purpose of this new change to concentrate on sales activities and promotional activities and try to increase sale of the company and this change give the important of Integration Marketing system as important part of the marketing strategy of the company. (McDonalds Corporation 2009)According to Forgeson and Green Basically there are three major categories of change resistances are organizational, group and individual. The following are resistance or conflicts faced by McDonalds during implementation of this change McDonalds workers, customers, shade and behaviour. (Mabin, Forge son Green, 2001)Resistances and Conflicts to change at McDonalds1st resistances over repayable to replys of the McDonalds staff and customers of the company, some employees are in favour of this new change and some are against this new change suppose using the Integrated Marketing communication. Managers and some employees only against this change callable to fear, they think might be this change instead of resolving fuss it will increase the problems of the company.There are not only employees have negative reaction towards this change notwithstanding alike customers are not showing positive reaction towards this campaign so it lead o another conflict in the shape of not positive perspective of customers towards this new change in this way McDonalds cant achieve good from this change as whole of the company.One more resistance against this new change of the company the shortage of qualified personnel in company who assigned the maintaining these tasks to maintaining crew and application of this new marketing change but they are not much professional so this is the conflict in the way of new change.The fear of stakeholders of McDonalds for insufficient budget and ineffective use of different mass communication for this new change and chance of bereavement of this new change is also conflict and resistance in the way of this new change.The difference in glossiness between the different employees of the organization is another inner conflict. Due to difference in cultures in McDonald in different members of the company so in this way they unable to do work in dulcet environment and in good way and also this cultural leads to create difficulties in the way of implementation of new change in organization. According to Wilkins Dyer the management of the McDonalds and main administration of the McDonald essential point out authority of the culture of the organization mean the empowerment culture of the McDonalds and should also identify the relation between the empowerment of the culture and planed system of the McDonalds and also relation between both empowerment and culture (Wilkins Dyer, 1988).RecommendationIn restaurant industry managers play vital role in any change so in this way what McDonalds managers ease up specific attention at the time of implementation and initiating change towards reducing possible resistances and achieve discover organization runance.Manager is the person who initiating and start the change and employees have to accept and adopt it. Through Effective communication, cognisance of manager actions, employees attitude and harmonious on the job(p) mooring can be overcome resistances to change and also play important role in attaining better organizational performance.Process for change implementation in Restaurant IndustryEffective communication is the most important components in restaurant industry and played a vital role in the success of organizational operations. Effective communication i s very important among the managers and employees and among the employees to employees. Good auditory sense skills are the essential for a successful manager of any organization especially in fast growing fast food industry. Before, afterward and during the change process managers should conservatively listen to the employees opinion and should modify the new change according to the opinion of the employee.For implementation of successful change in organization it is compulsory for manager he should always alert regarding employees reaction towards change. McDonalds Managers should realize that if employees against that change and dont want to cooperate with them so in this way customer service delivery will get worse. Conflict whitethorn arise amongst colleagues and managers when employees resist change. In this way employees may not perform well which directly effecting reputation of restaurant and might be it will also become cause of resignation of employees. So before implem entation of new change McDonalds managers listen very carefully arguments of employees and change the situation according the time need and should avoid the create bad environment in which employees groundd unretentive environment for work and end all go for resignation. Not only this but also they should encourage the employees for better service and development of performance of the company as well as the employees.There should be a proper action of plane for development of or improvement of different customer services and development in working environment within the organization. This strategy or procedure will always encourage to managers as well employees to sure things are well done. We should understand that improvement is with only change. If there is no improvement, it means no change in this way restaurant become sluggish due to not improvement and any other reason like occurring unexpected and unexpected circumstances in the restaurant and this way it will very diffic ult to maintain that position in market and compete the competitors. Managers should also provide a enjoyable environment to employee for bearing happy to workers and happy workers are great part of high performance and great motivation. wellspring motivated staff is in this position to do work in good manners and in good pleasant way and secure relations with their colleagues. Its duty of managers to provide and keep very good and pleasant environment for work and we well know a good pleasant environment always get good publication and a poor and boring environment always get a poor result and this the negative impact on the repute of the restaurant (A Paton, R. and Maccalman, J. ,2008)Further more, the success of the new change is still under process and difficult to metamorphose the children attitude towards healthy fast food meals. But at the other hand, there are very strong chance for this success due to strong campaign and promotion activates for prompting the character istics of the this new change. Furthermore, McDonalds should assure the message has been reached to every child in 119 countries where McDonalds is serving for this purpose help from every type media is the best strategy. There should be a new pedestal for new advertisement I love it even more and hopefully this new theme and way of advertisement will inspire the parents and also encourage the childrens towards healthy food. This campaign should be long lasting, strong concerned on healthy characteristics of this new change and should be in affectionate way like kiddie-friendly way.If McDonalds carefully make plan and use best strategy and good and effective method for implementation of this new change so there are bright chance of the success of this new change and in this way company can achieve very easily mission and objectives of the company. The most concerned of this company to give part of health conscious which is good match with the latest trend of health conscious meas ures for this world and also for the future world.ConclusionAccording to crapulence the management change leaders must be willing to keep their fingers on the pulse of the organization, by monitoring what is working and what is not working and in the change process. It is duty of managers to reassure, support and take commitment before application of this new change and for getting positively and good result of this new change. The managers should make a strong strategy and should make strong plans of actions regarding this change before implementation of this change and for making this successful. (Beverage (2003)Therefore, we can be concluded now that changes of management is not bad until they enhance the fight and power of an industry. If any change implicated through proper preparedness and investigation so it will be very effective and will also increase the performance of the organization. So organizations should impose the any change at the right time when studies proved that no time of change. Because we dons forget the change management system not only critical and interwoven but also very sensitive so only one wrong decision of any company in any change might be it push company to in under clouds and prove harmful for organization profit and inspite giving development instead company feel difficult to survive in perfect market.This is strongly pass for McDonalds that must see and again and again ensure that future changes are well very planned there implication is very carefully because these changes will be cause of the success /or failure of any company.

Effects of Marketing in Wilderness Tourism Promotion

Effects of merchandise in state of genius touristry packagingPromoting wild Tourism literary productions ReviewIntroductionBehavioural interrogation on the flying field on wild destination is a relatively new development in the eco touristry manufacture. Promoting channelize merchandise has fuck off more and more important within the tourer industry (Kang-Li 2008). There has been limited micturate d champion on promoting natural state as a dedicate of touristry. This search project aims to identify whether existential merchandising would suck a great impact than tralatitious market and reproaching approaches in promoting wild in tourism.The lit retrospect allow explore the concepts of Tourism, wild, vagabond Marketing and existential Marketing, looking at past and present publications from various scholars and academics who turn out conducted extensive search on these subject argonas. Arguments identifying gaps that dwell within the belles-lettres de part be presented, exploring the extent to which experiential merchandise would be contrasting and/or more effective than handed-down selling approaches.The Evolution of Tourism and its family race to WildernessIn the early 19th century, the border tourism was employ to describe the effort of state for pleasure (Smith, 1989). It is alike written that a more convincing origin to present twenty-four hours tourism is centred on the medieval pilgrimages. There is a distinct dispute amongst pilgrimage and tourism. One is a religious activity and the otherwisewise is a secular (Theil globen 1987). in time, as years deplete passed, there keep been gain ground attempts to define the precondition tourism. The United Nations Statistical foc using has accepted the following definition recommended by the World Tourism memorial tablet (WTO), stating that tourism comprises activities where people may travel to distinct places and placate away(predicate) from their norm al surroundings for not more than a year for leisure, tune or any other purpose. (World Tourism Organisation, 1993).In a sympathetic context in the UK the definition most often habitd was proposed by the Tourism Society in the early 1980s Tourism is delimitate as destinations where people would travel for impermanent or short- precondition stay away from their natural surround to live, work or engage in activities as day age visits or excursions (Tourism Society, 1982) Similarly, Jafari, 1977 contests that tourism is most the study of man away from his natural habitat, where the industry responds to his needs, and there an impact is bring ond by him and the industry on the host social- ethnic, economic and physical environment. In a simplistic form the term tourism could be soundless as movement of people for pleasure or work.From the evidence presented above would it provide be concluded from the above definitions that tourism would seem to bePeople who be away from the ir normal place of residence and will return rump to their homes at some point in the future.Visits that be only temporary or short term, but argon not longer than 12 months in duration.Inclusive of a day visit (excursion).Inclusive of absence from home on tune rather than pleasure.The 1990s increasingly sawing machine the development of tourism in new know directge domains. While the more traditionalistic sightseeing tourism remains at the core of tourism round the world, there has been a significant diversification occurring, especially within back tourism (Cloke and Perkins, 1998), personality- base tourism (Pearce and Wilson, 1995 Higham 1998) and events (Nicholson and Pearce, 2000). lit exhibitions that wholeness peculiar(a)ly characteristic area of growth has been in natural area tourism (Burton 1998). This form of tourism is nature-based and generally motivated by an interest in the environment (Burton 1998). Burton make headway argues that people seek refug e in nature-based tourism to escape from their day to day pressured life style. But, he writes that with the level of growth in nature-based tourism literary productions, has given way for psyches to misuse and all overuse the price ecotourism and natural based tourism.Creamer, 1995 adopts a theoretical account to present a clear distinction amongst nature based tourism and ecotourism as seen in figure 1. This framework has been interpreted by arguing that nature-based tourism consists of all forms of tourism which occur in a natural environment and that ecotourism is wiz form of this event of tourism.Although they are alike there is a distinct difference (Goodwin, 1996). The cause of ecotourism goes beyond just universe in a natural environment. Griffith, 1993 argues that ecotourists vex distinctive perceptions and beliefs relating to their knowledges. This is a far cry from the Sunday picnic or the occasional bush walker. It has been argued that ecotourism has the ex ponent to influence the direction of a tourists life. This distinction is seen when they return from an ecotourism recognise gaining a new outlook.(Hunter 1994) In a similar vein Ziffer, 1989 58 Ceballos-Lascupelting, 1996 22 and Boo, 1990 10, welcome also echoed the same principles underpinning ecotourism. disposition-based tourism has been distinguished into three main categories (Valentine, 1992 110). Activities mutualist on nature (i.e. bird-watching) activities enhanced by nature (i.e.camping) and activities where the natural background signal is incidental (i.e. swimming). Adding to this framework, Duffus and Dearden (1990) define these activities in terms of military man and wildlife interaction. Similarly Goodwin, 1996 287288, argues that nature tourism includes the merchandise of the natural elements to the tourists turn enjoying the nature around them. other arguments present ecotourism as a concept that definitions of integrated tourism magnanimous emphasis dism antleicularly to nature conservation (Goodwin, 1996 Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996 Dowling, 1995a, b). Moreover the natural settings characterized in the definition of ecotourism were pro call optioned to be similar to that of the concept of Wilderness digression in brotherhood America, (Boyd Butler, 1993 11) or in other words, new spot to an old activity (Wall, 1994 4 Nelson, 1994 248).Academic literature of state of nature exist within the discipline of tourism literature detailing astir(predicate) wild and the live ons that people lay down aimd during their visits. However, natural state and the relating caput of place it evokes has not been investigated in-depth within the empirical seek studies (Dawson, 2006). Managers of state of nature areas need to encourage see to it and measure the relationships that tourists are developing or have already create with the buck area that they are managing. Place is defined as a physical location and a visitors subjective experie nce or relationship with the particular place. The concept of place has been subdivided into a diverseness of factors, such as place connoteings, attachment, identity and dependence (Cheng et al. 2003).The term natural state has been perceived differently by various scholars and academics. Some academics argue that wild is a conserved area where there is a limited charge of humans (Dawson, 2006). While others argue that it is place where people go to the state of nature for short or long hikes that finally a day long, while another set of people who camp for several days using primitive means of travel and living (Chad, 2006).At one time, the commonwealth was just a place of wild. The natural environment of wind, fire and rain was operating without the interference by any human influence. The earth was a international wild. Today, headings have risen on what is state of nature, how some(prenominal) of it needs to be preserved and should it be managed. Wilderness has achi eved a reputation of being a juicyly valuable resource to many countries.(Stankey 1989)Wilderness has commonly been used in the context of the Bible (Nash 1974). Nash reports that the term wilderness appears in the word of honor nearly 300 times both in the Old and spic-and-span Testaments. He continues to report that the term was used as a synonym for desert and waste with the same Hebrew or Greek root. Wilderness has been described as having had three physical characteristics. (1) virtually inhabited. (2) deserted and ironical and (3) they were large areas. Human survival in the wilderness was difficult (Stankey 1989).Nash just reports that the wilderness was used to describe in the bible as a place where Gods blessings were absent paradise and wilderness was a contract to each other. The story of the Garden of Eden stated in the Bible captures this theme explicitly. Nash writes, The story of the Garden and its loss, imbedded into Western eyeshot the idea that wilderness an d paradise were both physical and ghostly opposites The keep back of Genesis in the Bible reveals the early Christina idea of the relationship that transpired mingled with man and nature. White (1967), argues that based on the qualities that were developed from the relationship between man and nature, Christianity was the most anthropocentric religion. furthermore,White argues, in great measure, Gods transcendence of nature. . . . Christianity, in absolute contrast to ancient paganism and Asias religions . . . not only established a dualism of man and nature, but also insisted that it is Gods will that man exploit nature for his right-hand(a) ends. This type of perspective created ostracize and exploitative thoughts about nature and wilderness among humans. However, it is argued that Christianity also fostered counter perspectives, which have led to our modem views from where wilderness would be have been originated (Stankey 1989).The experience of the Promised Land mentioned i n the Biblical context has helped develop a tradition of going to the wilderness. Reasons for going to the wilderness have been determined to push license and a purification of spiritual- appreciates. This may have possibly led to the present-day legislative definition for wilderness. Tuan (1974), writes For the ascetics the desert was in effect at once the haunt of demons and the realm of bliss in harmony with the creaturely world. However, the Judeo-Christian defined wilderness as a cursed land, evil places and a place where water was not present (Dilworth 2006). Dilworth further argues in this context, the riddle of wilderness was evil, it was a necessary evil, also where you could be closer to God, a refuge and testing ground. On the other hand, the Puritan tradition wilderness was dumb as a threat to survival, and the ability to survive in the wilderness would make you in spare of God. However, the Utilitarian view of nature was cultivation and civilization instead of usin g the term wilderness. This was necessary as it would be a land useful in a practical grit as well as to be in favour of God (Nash 2001).Nash further argues from a Romantic and Transcendentalist era. He writes, wilderness was looked in a more positive sense. The Romantic era brought man an eagerness for the strange, remote, solitary and mysterious (Nash, 2001, p. 47). On the other hand the Transcendentalist eras, gave emphasis to the spiritual gauge of the wilderness experience. This experience brought humans closer to God and the wideness of material things.From the above arguments it seems evident that the definition of wilderness is very much fluid in the sense that there does not seem to be one single definition which can clearly explain the term wilderness. Sigurd Olson, in the early 20th century further expanded on the definition of wilderness is escaping from a mans everyday difficult life and gaining freedom from tyranny of wires, bells, schedules, and pressing respons ibilities (Olson and Backes 2001). This definition was further refined by the Wilderness Act of 1964.They defined wilderness as an undeveloped Federal land maintaining its character of the early years and the influence, without any lasting improvements or human habitation while it being a place that has generally been affects by the forces of nature. It also has an outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of delight. On the other hand culturally, it has been defined as any natural areas, to the Urban wilderness (Dilworth 2006).Evidently, it seems that Wilderness means different things to different people. Dilworth 2006, upstartly conducted a study on the marrow of wilderness based on images of the wilderness. His sample was students. The study revealed that based on the images the students viewed they defined wilderness as primarily with natural landscapes lacking human sign, particularly mountains, lakes, and forests. The questions would then ar ise as to what do you mean by the terms mountains, lakes and forests? The debate would seem to be endless Increasingly, popular adventure deflexion activities such as rock climbing, mountain-eering and remote-area trekking most often take place in the wilderness. Most often commercial packing of this type of recreation in the wilderness is coloured with fundamental irony (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). Wilderness business range from skill-building schools to eco and ethno tourism adventures (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). For example in Thailand back-pack trotting adventures (Cohen, 1989). This type of adventurous excursions and activities are positive, pleasurable experiences for participants (Arnould and Price 1993).The commercial offering of Wilderness as a tourist attraction means converting wilderness into a commodity to be marketed as a tourist attraction. Wilderness tourism requires human intervention. This would mean ensuring the wilderness is evaluated, managed, regulated and contr olled (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). Therefore, the comodification of wilderness would require the intervention of a intercourse medium which would attract visitors of the wilderness for tourism. Creating a memorable lasting experience would be the challenge for wilderness managers and marketers.Place and city market has been one of the most interesting research topics which have grown in the last 20 30 years (Metaxas 2005). Much of the trade literature over the years have sited on the impact that merchandising has had on the global Tourism industry (Palmer and Bejou 1995 Mark and Robert 2002 Theobald 2005 Alistair 2006). Within the marketing literature, Place Marketing has grown rapidly among cities globally and especially in Europe who use different promotional policies to support images of their cities to gain private-enterprise(a) advantage (Metaxas 2005). Promoting the wilderness experience within the place marketing literature has been limited although marketing of island tou rism, alpine tourism and adventure tours have developed (Tuohino). As mentioned above, comodification of wilderness is a challenge for marketers. A greater challenge would be the comodification of wilderness as a sense of place.The side by side(p) section of the literature will seek to explore the idea of place and place marketing and its relevance to wilderness tourism.Place Marketing as an chance for Wilderness TourismThe concept of place is often related to the adjectival safe. But there could be negative feelings also devoted to that place (Tuohino). Tuan (1974) defines topophilia as a place which one belongs to and has a sense of belongingness. On the other hand topofobia (Tuan 1974) is defined as negative feelings disgust or fear. Tuan, further argues that feelings such as fear being affiliated to a place will remain in the human mind as well as in the environment. Similarly, placelessness is defined as where the environment does not recognise place. Furthermore it does not take into consideration the meaning of places (Tuan 1974 Relph 1976).A spirit of Place has been one of the important concepts of human geography (Tuohino). Tuan in the 1970s introduced this concept within the geography literature. The concept of Sense of Place has been determined as a social concept and as an individual value or phenomenon (Tuohino). This concept has been sited in many of the tourism literature in the recent years. To quote Tuan (1974), people demonstrate their sense of place when they apply their moral and aesthetic discernment to sites and locations. In other words Sense of Place is the connection that man would have with a place. Hence, it could be argued that is an important development for tourist and developers of tourism.Place marketing has become an important policy goal for most governments (Kang-Li 2008). Kotler (2002), claimed that the concept of place marketing of a city is considered as a market-oriented crossway. Ashworth and Voogd (1993) argue that place marketing is where the local activities of a particular location will work unitedly to meet the guests needs. On the other hand Gold and Ward (1994) claim that place marketing is all about creating a positive and irresistible image of the place.On the other hand it is argued that Place Marketing is about locality-based strategy to reimage and restructure local economies (Demaziere and Wilson 1996). Furthermore it is argued that Place Marketing is about the strategic manipulation of image and culture clearly provides a stiff basis for coalition building(Hall and Hubbard 1996). From the arguments presented, place marketing seems somewhat similar to running a business but ensuring the required facilities, services and visions for further developments are presented.Tourism as an industry, especially cultural tourism has been richly integrated into place marketing (Stabler, 1990). Holden (2000), argues that negative impacts of tourism development can harm the local commun ities of a place by misuse of resources, negative behaviour and pollution of the environment. Therefore it is important that place marketing ensures it develops cultural tourism strategies keeping in mind the external factors that can harm and hinder, while satisfying the guests (Kang-Li 2008).Wilderness managers strive to provide a quality experience to all visitors (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). This has lead to the need to incorporate a relationship aspect in the planning and management framework. These experiences are not one off transactions. These are relationships which develop over a geological period of time between the visitor and the setting (Borrie and Roggenbuck 2001). There is also other aspects that have an effect on the relationship / experience a visitor would have with the wilderness setting. These factors are cultural and social forces, social institutions and the lives of visitors.These factors do qualify and this has an effect on the wilderness experience (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). Psychology and marketing research have provided some insight in support of this wilderness relationship (Berry 1995). One key aspect to this relationship is that the visitor tends to accumulate an experience with a particular place that associates to a certain(prenominal) identity. Over a period of time the visitor develops a certain loyalty towards this particular area / place (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). It is argued that this relationship built over a period of time becomes something of an individuals culture, expressions and defining who he was and hopes to be.It is this relationship / experiences that managers/marketer of wilderness tourism would find as a challenge in promoting and sustaining. What means are available to marketers in promoting and sustaining this experience? The next section of this paper will argue how place marketing could be integrated into a wilderness marketing experience through the idea of experiential marketing.Marketing Wilderness com e acrosssThe evolution of the philosophy of marketing management has moved from production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept, societal marketing concept to relationship marketing concept. Traditionally marketing has viewed clients as being reasonable decision markers who distribute chiefly about the features and benefits of the product and service they purchase (Schmitt 1999). An integral part of the marketing mix is the element of promotions better know as marketing talks.Marketing communications is a mode by which marketers / firms attempt to inform, persuade, locomote and remind customers about their product or service they sell (Poul Houman 2001). This is one area in marketing which has evolved and changed dramatically over the last 20 30 years (Kevin Lane 2001). This has resulted in firms faced with the challenge of designing, implementing and evaluating their communication campaigns which are unique and competitive. In other words campaigns whi ch create a unique customer experience (Mark and Robert 2002).Today the concept of selling experiences is bed covering beyond theatres and theme parks. Pine and Gilmore, (1998) claim that experience is not an uncrystallized construct, but is as real an offering like any other service, product or commodity. interpret experiences occur when a order goes beyond the offering of a good and service by engaging with the customer to create a memorable event. Experiences have al slipway been at the perfume of tourism and entertainment (Tsaur, Chiu et al. 2007).For example Walt Disney and his company took the industry by set upon with creative interactions with customers. At theme restaurants such as Hard totter Caf, Planet Hollywood the food is just a prop for what is known as eatertainment. But experiences are not just about the saturated experience that a customer may encounter (Pine and Gilmore 1998). Companys stages an experience were they could engage with customers to present i t in a memorable way.Experience is everywhere. Companies have moved from the traditional features and benefits marketing towards customers encountering an experience (Schmitt 1999). To pass away a grasp of the concept of experiential marketing, Schmitt (1999) presented an argument comparing principles that underpin the traditional marketing approach and the experiential marketing approach.As discussed above (Schmitt 1999) argues that the traditional marketing is all about customers being rational decision makers who direction about the feature and benefits. However, experiential marketing is viewing consumers as rational and emotional human beings concerned about experiencing a holistic use experience. Further (Schmitt 1999) claims that this shift has occurred due to omnipresence of information technology, the supremacy of brand and the ubiquity of communications and entertainment. This argument was echoed by (Pine and Gilmore 1998) when they claimed that leading-edge companies w hether they sell to companies or consumers will be facing the competitive battlefield of staging experiences as presented above. along with this trend, some companies adopted this concept of experiential marketing to gain competitive advantage such as Apple(Randall 2003), DaimlerChrysler (Tanya and Karl 2003), PG (Jack 2004) and IMG(Barry 2005).Sky, Nike and Strongbow are companies who have in recent years adopted the concept of experiential marketing. But some firms cool off remain sceptical (Mark 2007). Andy Bellass, of Splendid communication agency argues that experiential marketing has come of age. Bellass explains that it is becoming increasingly difficult to build relationships with customers when you are standing outside. Advertising is not dead, yet, until the circle of experience marketing is stand in getting people to experience the brand, agencies are standing outside (Mark 2007). The biggest riddle being that the definition of experiential marketing has flaws and it lies at the roots.Marketing film director of Sledge learns experiential marketing as a medium that is cogitate on creating one-to-one experiences that engage consumers in deeper and more memorable ways. Others understand it as integrating brands to peoples life styles and adding value to create an experience with the brand rather than having any interruptions. Going further some feel that the definition is becoming broader by the day. However, in aspect all this, it seems apparent that traditional communication agencies are nervous how company budgets are being reallocated in favour of experiential marketing techniques (Mark 2007).For instance, research showed that 68% of companies were spending more on experiential marketing in 2005 than they did in 2004 (Mark 2007). ground on the evidence presented, it would seem although there is scepticism, budgets being allocated to experiential marketing techniques means that there is some form of mastery in this concept in practice.It h as been acknowledged that customers are driven emotionally and rationally (Schmitt 1999). People want products and services that render a certain experience. Tourism has been a pioneer example of the experience economy (Quan and Wang 2004). The nature of the travel and tourism product is intangible. What does a consumer expect or get when they visit a tourist location? These experiences are actual. How would companies promote these locations/places?Place marketing has seen its relationships to experiential marketing. Echoing on what has already being discussed, experience comes from direct interaction/observation in an event. The core of experiential marketing is about creating an experience for the customer. Accordingly, the experience marketing trends of experiences, cultural marketing and ecological landscape seems to have become the core for this concept (Kang-Li 2008). Based on this, Kang claims that these factors can evoke a consumers motivation and feelings of certain meanin g(prenominal) attachments, while these features and styles need to be preserved and enhanced.So far the review has present the relationship that experience marketing has had / have with tourism and place marketing. However, there seems to be a gap in the tourism literature on how this concept could be used to promote wilderness in tourism? Ability to creating that Sense of Place and relationship with the wilderness, seems to be limited. existential studies have been done on what are the key drivers that motivate people to visit major wilderness areas. However, further research needs to be done on promotional strategies for creating that wilderness tourism marketing experience (Mabunda)Over the years, psychologists and market researchers have attempted to develop techniques and methodologies to explore customer experience (2006). Understanding consumer attitudes and behaviour have not always been lento for marketing researchers (Athinodoros and Ronald 2002). Psychologists view att itudes as a two step butt an antecedent stimulus followed by an evaluative reaction.(Adel 2003)In their paper (Pine and Gilmore 1998), argue the importance of economic progress. They convey their thoughts by way of the following figure. Their persuasion on this topic of Experience Economy argues that whether companies are selling to individual customers or organisations, they will find that the next competitive challenge is Stage Experiences.How does stage experiences influence the promotion of wilderness in tourism? Does it create a greater impact on marketing of wilderness in tourism?SummaryThe aim of the research project is to evaluate if experiential marketing would have a great impact than tradition marketing and branding approaches in promoting wilderness as a tourist destination. The literature review provided a rationale for this main aim, whereby the outcome included in the review illustrated the need for further research in the area of wilderness in tourism marketing.The first section of the literature review centralisesing on the evolution of tourism. The review exhibit that there is a high level of evidence on defining the term tourism. However, it was evident that the term tourism in its simplest form was understood as people lamentable to different places for the purpose of pleasure or work.It was storied that in the 1990s tourism evolved to a high level of definition. Evidence was presented that tourism modify into adventure tourism, nature based tourism and events. Through the years it was noted that nature based tourism has grown extensively within the tourism literature. Nature based tourism was understood as being primarily motivated by the interest in the environment (Burton, 1998) It was further argued that the Nature Based Tourisms and eco tourism although similar in nature had a distinctive difference.Although it was argued that ecotourism was some form of nature based tourism. (Goodwin, 1996) Much of the literature demonstrated that visitors of natural environments(ecotourism) would gain a new perspective or experience. (Hunter 1994, Ziffer, 1989 58 Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996 22 and Boo, 1990 10) Moreover the literature review provided evidence to show that ecotourism was proclaimed to similar to that of the concept of Wilderness Recreation in North America. (Boyd Butler, 1993 11) In stating these factors a gap in the literature demonstrated that shrimpy empirical studies were done on wilderness and the relating sense of place. Literature review then moved on to explore the concept of wilderness.Literature revealed that the term Wilderness was originated initially in the context of the bible. (Nash 1974) The term wilderness evolved from the eras of Christianity, (Nash 1974), to Judeo-Christian (Dilworth 2006), to Puritan tradition, to Utilitarian view, to Romantic and Transcendentalist. (Nash 2001). It was evident that none of the definitions were praiseful to each other. The conclusion gained from the ev idence presented was that there was no single definition for wilderness as it meant different things to different people. A recent study proved this thinking. A study on images of wilderness revealed that the sample of students understood wilderness as natural landscapes lacking human sign, particularly mountains, lakes, and forests. The question was then raised, what are mountains, lakes and forests? This debate seems to be endlessNext the literature revealed that popular adventure activities often took place in the wilderness. Evidence proved that visitors on these adventurous excursions and activities always have a positive and enjoyable experience. (Arnould and Price 1993) It was noted that making these activities to commercial packages needed a cautiously thought of marketing campaign as wilderness tourism has a human intervention. The greatest challenge all marketers of Wilderness would experience is the ability to comodify the idea of wilderness in tourism to ensure a memora ble lasting experience. To explore the idea of comodification of wilderness experience, it was prudent to first understand the concept of marketing and its evolution. The next section of this literature review demonstrated this aspect of the subject area.Place marketing needs to be included.It was understood that traditionally marketing was viewed as customers being rational decision makers. They mainly cared about features and benefits of a product or service they purchased. It has been noted that the promotional element better known as marketing communications has compete a major role in this conversion of features to benefit thinking. However it was presented that this element has had a rapid evolution over the years. (Kevin Lane 2001). The focus has been to develop marketing communication campaigns that would create a unique customer experience. (Mark and Robert 2002)The idea of Experience Economy was introduced in the last decade by (Pine and Gilmore 1998). They argue that thi s experience economy will find out that the next challenge is Stage Experience where the company goes beyond customers expectations by ensuring the customers engages with the product or the service to experience something of a memorable event. This type of experience was pioneered within the tourism and entertainment industry. An example was Disney World. (Tsaur, Chiu et al. 2007)Furthermore the paper pr

Friday, March 29, 2019

The Implications For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay

The Implications For Social tap Practice Social Work EssayWhat atomic number 18 the hints for mixer induceplace practice? What to a greater extent than female genital organ cordial work as a profession do to actively prove an reading advancenda for looked later churlren? What might an individualist fond worker do?There is an intrinsic barrier in the midst of social workers and looked later children and five-year-old tribe. This has been formed oer time because of a number of factors, firstly the turnover of staff makes it pricy impossible for children and upstart state to form relationships with the social worker, reducing their corporate trust in discussing issues that may be of a great concern to them. The positioning alone of a social workers fire prevent some children from abstracted to discuss matters because of the societal grade attached to having a social worker. The stigma is non something that social workers alone as professionals freighter eliminate, society can and only when society accepts that social workers be doing positive work, and start to contemplate about the positive work they argon doing, through the media and other resources. wherefore we can start to break d give birth the stigma attached to social workers and enable each(prenominal) individuals to direct the self-confidence of discussing issues with their social worker.Staff turnovers in spite of appearance children services have been high and foregrounded in the media on numerous cause (ref). To reduce the turnover, staff quest to feel confident in the work they atomic number 18 conducting and safe from media scrutiny when the problems lie out of their hands.The caseload they have could overly be investigated to ensure that the number of cases they have does not start to move their practice. When there are particular cases that are quite thickening and need lots of time allocated to, meaning other cases may be neglected.In 2010, the Ofste d safeguarding and looked later children national results of the childrens social work practitioners survey stated that social workers caseloads are unmanageable and because of an underlying ethos of disciplinaries, those who were struggling with their workload were too excite to say that they could not manage. To enable a change deep down this world of social work, worry and local anaesthetic government need to look at a different approach to caseload work, and to facilitate their staff to have the confidence when they cannot manage the caseload they have (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009).Social workers who work with children and families alike need the best possible training and support to meet the accustomed and complex demands of their work. Looked after children, their families and supervisers need to know that the social workers whom they are work with have the right skills, knowledge, and experience to armed servi ce them through often complex situations. Since 2008 the Childrens workforce Development Council has focused on ensuring social workers have more support within their case in childrens services. Social workers can take over this change to ensure that they can stay within this area of social work. The opportunities of training will enable more experienced social workers to last out in childrens services.Looked after children have a number of involve that must be met to ensure their informational outcomes can be achieved. Recent formula (Jackson et al, 2002) has attempted to address the factors that can contri barelye to successful procreational outcomes including durable and consistent assist, regular attendance at enlighten, if they miss any inform to catch up so they are at the same direct as their peers. Research (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009) has shown that looked after children and tender great deal need suppor t from their complaintrs whether sustain deal outrs or directionrs within residential offices in all areas of their lives. The carers need to image the importance of education so the child can have educational opportunities in the future. They in addition need to be informed by social workers about the financial support that is useable for those children who are not reaching expected standards of attainment. The paper Care Matters Transforming the Lives of Children and unripened People in Care (2007) proposed new initiatives and recommendations including agency links between adults and childrens services to ensure that professionals within the departments ensure they look into the family as a whole. To implement a tired framework of foster carers that work at different levels of need. To implement new recruitment changes of foster carers so those with more experience and higher qualifications are suitable for those children who have more needs to meet. Social workers are r esponsible for placing looked after children and girlish people within placements that match. Having more understanding of the importance of education both as individual social workers and as a profession will enable them to highlight how important it is to their possible carers.The reasons why little people in care are in need of educational support are because the local Authority is the corporate erect social workers should exhort for them like they would their own child. As Local political science have a legal responsibleness to promote the education of children in care, specifically children in care because of the enquiry (Jackson et al, 2002) that shows the number of looked after children who considerably underachieve at school. Research has shown that (Jackson et al, 2002) a good education can attend provide a home to enter adulthood successfully (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009).To ensure that early people in care at tend school social workers must promote the value of a good education. Discuss with the five-year-old somebody their ambitions, expectations and achievements like any other parent would. The Children Act (2004) states that Local administration are required to ensure appropriate education provision can be provided before the young soulfulnesss placement starts, unless in an emergency. Social workers are also required to support those care leavers who have entered higher education until they are 24, and until 21 otherwise. Social workers need to continue to promote the education of looked after children, be available to give advice and support to professionals as n primordial as family, the child and their carers.Social workers must also promote a stable environment for the young individual in care. Jackson and doubting doubting Thomas (2000) maintain that stableness is universally seen as a desirable remainder in relation tolookedafterchildren. This is because staying in the sa me place letschildrento retrieve from separationandadverse experiences, it provides them with the opportunity to make new attachments. Jackson and Thomas (2000) argue that if they are of school age, it will probably allow them to establish at the same school, enabling them to keep their friends and stay near to their rough-cut environment.Stability giveschildrenthe opportunity to learn, to feel they belong to someoneandto be nurtured. Whenchildrencannot have stability in the place where they live, it is important for them to have consistency as far as possible (JacksonandThomas 2000). For example maintaining the same schoolandsocialworker are very important.There are umteen reasons whychildrenchange placements. There can be changes to the childandfamilys circumstances. Sinclair (2005) suggests that when foster care breakdown has occurred lack ofsocialwork support may have contributed to placement breakdown. Unless looked after young people have the stability to form relationship s, engage within school and have educational achievements how can social work as a profession promote entrance tertiary education when the basics of meeting the childs needs are not available. Within research (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009) there seems to be a lack of focus on education and achievement of looked after children from the earlier point. Children do their best when there is stability and consistency. Giving education a priority seems too risky. Most social workers would place the child nearby to the family rather than to keep the stability of the childs education. When making these decisions around placements social workers and management seem risk averse, they focus on the childs present situation not taking account of the long term impact of how much a good education can offer.There has often been a scant(p) sightedness within social work of looked after young people going care at an early age of 18 when legiti mately the Local Authority is excuse responsible for them until 21 or until 24 if in higher education. In 2008, of the young people who left care aged 16 or over, 39% were aged 16 or 17, and 61% left on their 18th birthday (Department for education, 2008). The average age of young people not in care who leave home is 24 (Care matters, green paper, 2006). Some looked after young people may have chosen to leave care at the earliest casualty because the time spent in the placement has been so miserable. But they should still be given the option to stay within care until the Local Authority is no longer legally obliged to care for them. Do parents stop being parents at 21 or 24? wherefore should the Local Authority be able to stop and cut off their support that the young person has relied upon.Consequently, those looked after young people who are particularly vulnerable who have been supported hopefully positively by social workers and carers who when the child turns 18 are no longer entitle to benefits to accommodate them, its only on their good will the young person is then expected to cope with life with very little help and support (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children third report, 2009).As a profession and by the piece social workers need to recognise that young people will musical passage into adulthood at different times and in different ways. umteen may take to it easily and enjoy the independence it brings, some may watch it harder and need extra support. Social workers should show more lading to reducing the age gap of those leaving care and those young people whom leave their families homes independently (Children, Schools and Families Committee, looked after children, third report, 2009).The White paper care matters (2007) introduced new schemes which addressed the number of looked after young people who were leaving care too early. These included the Right2BCared4 and Staying put. The right to be cared for allows th e young person to make decisions around leaving their placement, with the Children and Young Persons Act (2008) a looked after child has to have a statutory review before they are moved from a care placement. The staying put scheme allows a looked after young person to stay in foster care until 21.If young people in care have the desire to continue their education and enter higher education then social workers should support them as much as possible to help them achieve their goals. The main implication for social work practice is arguing for resources. If you help one young person in care get resources for extra tutoring, like nearly parents are now seen keen to do can we help all? Whether it is fair or not within different Local Authorities young people in care are now pass more than others, the postcode lottery could mean going onto further education, getting a better job or finishing care early and coping on the fringes of society. Some would argue that it is unfair to offer an assessment, but as long as the social worker can present the different needs then why should they not argue and advocate on behalf of the young person like any other parent would, especially when the young person is particularly bright, if not given the help these are the individuals who would be hurt the most.When the young person in care has decided that further education is a goal they may find it difficult to enter University straight away because of their psychological state. Not everyone who has not in care enters University at 18, because of age limits and support available until a certain age young people in care are given a time limit of when they can enter University. As a profession social work can promote the speculation of entering University at an older age and highlighting to the Local Authorities and Governments that they can be available for support until the young person has destroyed their University course.The practical arrangements of entering University c an be that daunting that some young people in care may decide its too much. remote others who can go home when time term has ended, where can the young person in care go? Who takes the responsibility to provide appointment during this time? Social workers should understand the benefits of further education. Therefore occupy the role as advocates on behalf of all young people in care to highlight these potential problems and how to overcome them, for example work with foster carers to be able to provide accommodation on short term founding whilst not at University, Investigate into other young people in care within the Local Authority accessing tertiary education and see what voluntary organisations can provide if resources are low.Social workers should also promote the approaches other countries use, as they have a higher amount of young people in care accessing tertiary education, it may be that the way of social work could change. Social work may have to employ more resources into residential care, some of the most vulnerable and challenging young people in care are accommodated within residential care, why should these individuals have fewer opportunities than those who are easier to place and care for. They may also have to be more involved with foster carers and families to ensure that they understand the importance of education, and its potential benefits if the young person has good educational achievements.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

Greek Fire, the Most Powerful Weapon of Byzantine Army Essay -- Byzant

War is the father of all things.1 Volkman begins his book, Science Goes to War, with this quote from Heraclitus, the Hellenic philosopher. Volkman uses the quote to suggest that many, if not all, scientific advance handsts owe their birth to the desire for or the fear of war. chevy is doubtless a part of this advancement as Bert Hall points out, Fire is atomic number 53 of the primordial forces of nature, and incendiary weapons have had a place in armies toolkits for close to as long as civilized states have made war.2 Of all the tools at the disposal of the Byzantine Empires military, the so called Hellenic fire was the most important.3Greek fire was a weapon system that allowed Byzantine ships, as early as the s pull downth century, to spew fire at its enemies. On the ships prow was the head of a lion or some opposite monstrosity, cast in brass or iron. In its mouth was a bronze siphon off that could swivel back and forth.4 The flaming liquid that spewed from this siphon came with the roaring sound and a black cloud of smoke. What makes it worse is that it even burns while in water.5 The fear it instilled in enemies sometimes egged men in full plate armor to leap in the water, shrewd they will be dragged down to the bottom simply because drowning was preferable to universe burned alive.6Such an awe-inspiring beast of a weapon was already predisposed to legend and rumor. However, even as cinematic as Greek fire was, its cloud of ambiguity is, frankly, ridiculous. Put as accurately and elegantly as possible, Greek fire was a misnomer wrapped in a misconception, confused in translation, veiled in secrecy, and embellished with apocrypha.7 At single point, one of the Byzantine emperors wrote in a letter to his son that Greek fire was revealed and ta... ...timore The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1960. p. 19.Parkington, James Riddick Parkington. Origins and Development of Applied Chemistry. New York Arno Press, 1975.Roland, Alex. Review of A Histor y of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, by James Riddick Parkington, Technology and market-gardening, Vol. 41. none 1 (Jan., 2000).Roland, Alex. Secrecy, Technology, and War Greek Fire and the Defense of Byzantium, 678-1204. Technology and Culture Vol. 33, no 4 (1992) 655-679.Russel, Bertrand. History of Western Philosophy. London George Allen and Unwin LTD, 1946. p. 60.Stannard, Jerry. Review of A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, by James Riddick Parkington, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 29. No. 4 (Oct., 1962).Volkman, Ernest. Science Goes to War The Search for the Ultimate Weapon, from Greek Fire to Star Wars. New YorkJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.

Measurement - Mathematic Reform :: essays research papers fc

Part A Content Goals for Measurement in Grades 3-5 nigh students enter grade 3 with enthusiasm for, and interest in, learning mathematics. In fact, nearly three-quarters of U.S. fourth graders report liking mathematics (NCTM, 143). This house be a very critical time in keeping children evoke in what they ar learning. If the work turns too monotonous and uninteresting it can have a negative effect on their perceptions of the subject later on in life. If students in grades three through five are give mathematic material that is interesting it can help keep their enthusiasm toward the subject. nonpareil of the major content areas that is covered at this time is measurement. Measurement is peerless of the ways that teachers can introduce students to the usefulness and practicality of mathematics. Measurement requires the comparison of an delegate (distance, surface, capacity, mass, time, temperature) between deuce objects or to a known stock(a). Measurement too introduces stud ents to the classical concepts of precision, approximation, tolerance, error and dimension. Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade twelve should modify students to understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement. Also, apply the appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements (NCTM, 171). This paper bequeath describe how those topics are developed in grades three through five.The early and most basic standard for measurement at this level is being able to understand measurement attributes that we use on a chance(a) basis. Some of these attributes include length, area, weight, volume, and size of an angle. Knowledge of these variables is very important because they are ideas that will be used regularly throughout their lives. When students attain a better understanding of these measurement variables the next objective is to have them rewrite the correct way to measure them. Choosing the appropriate unit to measure variables such(prenominal) as length, area, and weight can be just as important as knowing their meaning. For example, knowing that length is the distance between two points is irrelevant if a student tries to measure it with an angle or area. subtle the proper way to measure a variable is very important. This idea also brings into perspective the standard of measurement that deals with understanding the need for standard units, or a basic way to describe an attribute. This requires students to become acquainted(predicate) with standard units in the customary and metric systems.

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

The Characteristics of a Sandy Shore at Pallarenda Beach, Townsville, North Queensland :: essays research papers fc

The characteristics of a sandy shore at Pallarenda beach, Townsville, North Queensland.IntroductionThe sandy shores of beaches can be considered as a very harsh environs to live in (Ted Klenk, 1999). Survival in such a home ground requires an organism to withstand strong wave and current action, tidal acclivity and fall, unstable substrate, heavy predation and wide variations in salinity and temperature (The Otter Island Project). either organism found in this type of harsh environment is specialized and highly adapted (The Otter Island Project). Fine, sandy beaches often occur in areas with take fire wave action (Californias Ocean Resources, 1995). While a more vernacular sand is found with heavy wave action (Californias Ocean Resources, 1995). The ramp gradient of a beach also helps determine the grain sizing of the sediment (Bascom, 1959). The steeper a beach is, the larger the sand particles (Ted Klenk, 1999). The piss system retention of coarse sand is quite low allow ing temperatures to rise tardily at low tide (MB2050 actors line nones). Any organisms on a coarse particle beach will not only commence to deal with the very unstable substrate but also the genuine danger of desiccation (MB2050 lecture notes).Fine sediment areas do not have much water moving through the particles (MB2050 lecture notes). and then any oxygen available is used up quickly by burrowing organisms (MB2050 lecture notes). There comes a point beneath the substrate where on that point is insufficient oxygen for organisms to respire, this is called the anoxic bed (MB2050 lecture notes). The anoxic layer is therefore much deeper under coarse sediments then fine (MB2050 lecture notes).The fish community of a surf zone is largely controlled by three factors (Robertson & Lenanton, 1984). The form of primary production input to the surf zone, the water movement pattern, and the geomorphology of the sandy beach (Robertson & Lenanton, 1984). Fish such as anchovies, herrings a nd mullets often inhabits surf zones around the world (The Otter Island Project).The aims of this essay were to examine somatogenic features and sediment-related characteristics of Pallarenda beach and the influence of these characteristics on the occurrence and distribution of the intertidal taxa. This prove also aimed to describe the fauna in the surf zone share of Pallarenda beach.Materials and Methods The beach studied during this experiment was Pallarenda Beach just North of the urban center of Townsville in North Queensland. The co-ordinates of the location were 19o11.8S, 146o46.6E. The beach experiences a tropical climate, the experiment was carried out on the 4th of March in the year 2000 later on much rainfall.

Effective Use of the First Person in First Confession Essay -- First C

Effective Use of the First Person in First Confession           I decided that, between one function and another(prenominal), I must have broken the whole ten commandments, totally on account of that old woman, and so far as I could see, so long as she remained in the ho lend oneself I had no hope of ever doing anything else, (page 189). This quote from the text edition of First Confession by Frank OConnor exquisitely shows which spot of cypher OConnor selected for his novel. Frank OConnor chose the first-person point of view to tell his tale. One can determine this by three factors the consumption of the word I, the use of grammatical voice and the use of conveyancing the story by dint of the characters. These three techniques are shown vividly through and throughout OConnors novella. The use of the word I in OConnors short story is in the text continuously with an unquestionable presence. A prime example of the usage of I in OConno rs tale is first seen in the second paragraph as Jackie talks about his grandmother favoring Nora, his older sister, over him Nora, my sister, just sucked up to the old womanÖI was too honest, that was my trouble and when I was contend around with Bill ConnellÖand saw my grandmother steering up the racecourse with the jug of porter I was mortified. I made excuses not to permit him into the house, because I could never be sure what she would be up to when we went in, (page 188). The occupation of the word I is an obvious and well-known method of the first-person point of view, as well as using another compatible method much(prenominal) as grammatical voice. Grammatical voice is a conventional technique of guiding the reader through the story using a first-person point of view. This is a... ...s. The reader is also shown that Jackies mother dislikes her mother-in-laws mannerisms. This use of conveying the story through the characters is another method that is primarily used in first-person point of view, conventionally for its simplicity and advantage of giving several details in a short amount of time. OConnor shows first-person point of view unremittingly in the short story First Confession. By his usage of the word I, OConnor announces to the reader that he is composing in first-person, by using the method of grammatical voice OConnor shows another technique of penning in first-person and, intertwined with grammatical voice, his conveyance of the story through the characters is his last usage of writing in the first-person point of view. These three applications of writing give the reader a sure perception of OConnors point of view.  

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

E-commerce :: essays research papers

E-commerce. Does this sounds familiar to you? Of course it does tho most of us doesn&8217t very know and understand what is t forth ensemble about. We know that anything today is growing &8216e&8217 now but we in truth don&8217t know what does it cogitate by that. E-commerce means electronic commerce, which means that commerce, is now electronic. In cosmopolitan term, trade electronically or you arouse say trade on the internet is called e-commerce. This concept has been wide used in the market now, since function 2 years and to the highest degree for each one and every company is advent out with this new legislation to stay in the market. Almost each and every superstore has their entanglement website and facility to their customers to grease ones palms convergences online. In the twenty-first century each and every individual among us will be running out of era and nobody wants to go out to better away and waste 4 to 5 hours rather every one of us would prefer to shop online at the same price and get delivered at our door step. The electronic sell marketplace demands the highest attention to visual in writing(predicate) design quality, coupled with the dexterity to construct an electronic catalog. This catalog moldiness support multiple layouts and second gear credit card transaction processing. thither are certain advantages and disadvantages of trading on the net.Advantages? One can grease ones palms each and every product session at home.? It saves lot of time.? sometimes it saves lots of money too. For example, &8220 when I registered for this fall term I visited the hand store and figured out that the total cost including all the books was $ 390 and when I surfed on the net, the same books I bought on the net for $ 320 including shipping and it was at my doorstep in 2 days. Thus, I saved 70 bucks sitting at home and redeeming(a) my time.? Also when the companies start their business they give lots of gifts and promotions for the customers who buy from their web site which one cannot find in stores at all the times. ? in time each and every newspaper in the market is now online so you don&8217t need to buy from the newstand and save the same money which you can use for different purpose.? These obtain web sites also assert points towards everything that you purchase online and later on you can redeem this points to shop something justify or use it towards your sky miles and flee free around the world.E-commerce essays research papers E-commerce. Does this sounds familiar to you? Of course it does but most of us doesn&8217t really know and understand what is all about. We know that everything today is growing &8216e&8217 now but we really don&8217t know what does it mean by that. E-commerce means electronic commerce, which means that commerce, is now electronic. In general term, trading electronically or you can say trade on the internet is called e-commerce. This concept has been widely used in the market now, since last 2 years and almost each and every company is coming out with this new formula to stay in the market. Almost each and every superstore has their web site and facility to their customers to buy products online. In the 21st century each and every individual among us will be running out of time and nobody wants to go out to shop and waste 4 to 5 hours rather every one of us would prefer to shop online at the same price and get delivered at our door step. The electronic retail marketplace demands the highest attention to visual graphic design quality, coupled with the ability to construct an electronic catalog. This catalog must support multiple layouts and instant credit card transaction processing. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of trading on the net.Advantages? One can buy each and every product sitting at home.? It saves lot of time.? Sometimes it saves lots of money too. For example, &8220 when I registered for this fall term I visited the book store and figured out that the total cost including all the books was $ 390 and when I surfed on the net, the same books I bought on the net for $ 320 including shipping and it was at my doorstep in two days. Thus, I saved 70 bucks sitting at home and saving my time.? Also when the companies start their business they give lots of gifts and promotions for the customers who buy from their web site which one cannot find in stores at all the times. ? Even each and every newspaper in the market is now online so you don&8217t need to buy from the newstand and save the same money which you can use for different purpose.? These shopping web sites also offer points towards everything that you purchase online and later on you can redeem this points to shop something free or use it towards your sky miles and fly free around the world.